On the maximal unramified pro-2-extension over the cyclotomic \(\mathbb Z_2\)-extension of an imaginary quadratic field (Q614478): Difference between revisions

Let \(p\) be a prime number, \(K\) a number field, \(K_\infty/K\) the cyclotomic \({\mathbb Z}_p\)-extension of \(K\), and \(G(K_\infty)\) the Galois group of the maximal unramified pro-\(p\)-extension of \(K_\infty\). In this article, the case \(p = 2\) is studied. One of the main results is the following theorem: let \(K = \mathbb Q(\sqrt{-q_1q_2})\) be a complex quadratic number field, where \(q_1 \equiv 3 \bmod 8\) and \(q_2 \equiv 7 \bmod 16\) are prime numbers. Let \(K_\infty\) be the cyclotomic \(\mathbb Z_2\)-extension of \(K\), and let \(\Gamma = \text{Gal}(K_\infty/K)\) denote its Galois group. Then the Galois group \(G(K_\infty)\) of the maximal unramified pro-\(2\)-extension of \(K_\infty\) is the pro-\(2\) completion of the group with presentation \[ \langle a, b, c: [a,b] = a^{-2}, [b,c] = a^2, [a,c] = 1 \rangle, \] with the action of the topological generator \(\gamma\) of \(\Gamma\) given by \[ a^\gamma = a, \quad b^\gamma = bc, \quad c^\gamma = a^{C_1} b^{-C_0} c^{1-C_1}, \] where the \(2\)-adic integers \(C_0\) and \(C_1\) are the coefficients of the Iwasawa polynomial \(P(T) = T^2 + C_1 T + C_0\). In addition it is shown that for a complex quadratic number field \(K = \mathbb Q(\sqrt{-m}\,)\), the Galois group \(G(K_\infty)\) is a nonabelian metacyclic pro-\(2\) group if and only if either \(m = \ell\) for some prime \(\ell \equiv 9 \bmod 16\) with \(2^{(\ell-1)/4} \equiv -1 \bmod \ell\), or \(m = pq\) for prime numbers \(p \equiv q \equiv 5 \bmod 8\).