A universal sequence of integers generating balanced Steinhaus figures modulo an odd number (Q616459): Difference between revisions

From the abstract: ``In this paper, we partially solve an open problem, due to \textit{J.\,C. Molluzzo} in 1976 [``Steinhaus graphs,'' Theor. Appl. Graphs, Proc. Kalamazoo 1976, Lect. Notes Math. 642, 394--402 (1978; Zbl 0371.05026)], on the existence of balanced Steinhaus triangles modulo a positive integer \(n\), that are Steinhaus triangles containing all the elements of \(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}\) with the same multiplicity. For every odd number \(n\), we build an orbit in \(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}\), by the linear cellular automaton generating the Pascal triangle modulo \(n\), which contains infinitely many balanced Steinhaus triangles. This orbit, in \(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}\), is obtained from an integer sequence said to be universal. We show that there exist balanced Steinhaus triangles for at least \(2/3\) of the admissible sizes, in the case where \(n\) is an odd prime power. Other balanced Steinhaus figures, as Steinhaus trapezoids, generalized Pascal triangles, Pascal trapezoids or lozenges, also appear in the orbit of the universal sequence modulo \(n\) odd. We prove the existence of balanced generalized Pascal triangles for at least\( 2/3\) of the admissible sizes, in the case where \(n\) is an odd prime power, and the existence of balanced lozenges for all the admissible sizes, in the case where\( n\) is a square-free odd number.''