Quantum teardrops (Q1759444): Difference between revisions

The authors study quantum weighted projective lines, a natural quantum version of the teardrop orbifolds studied by Thurston, and certain quantum bundles over them. Recall that for a given coaction \(\Delta_{R}:\mathcal{O}\left( X_{q}\right) \rightarrow\mathcal{O}\left( X_{q}\right) \otimes \mathcal{O}\left( H_{q}\right) \) of a compact quantum group \(H_{q}\) on a compact quantum space \(X_{q}\), the coinvariant *-subalgebra \[ \mathcal{O} \left( X_{q}/H_{q}\right) :=\left\{ x\in\mathcal{O}\left( X_{q}\right) :\Delta_{R}\left( x\right) =x\otimes1\right\} \] `defines' a quantum quotient space\ \(X_{q}/H_{q}\), where \(\mathcal{O}\left( Q\right) \) denotes the coordinate algebra of a space-like quantum (imaginary) object \(Q\). For pairwise coprime numbers \(l_{0} ,\dots,l_{n}\in\mathbb{N}\), the quantum weighted complex projective space \(WP_{q}\left( l_{0},\dots,l_{n}\right) \) is the quantum quotient space defined by the coaction \(z_{i}\mapsto z_{i}\otimes u^{l_{i}}\) of the quantum (also classical) group \[ \mathcal{O}\left( U\left( 1\right) _{q}\right) \equiv\mathcal{O}\left( U\left( 1\right) \right) =\mathbb{C}\left[ u,u^{\ast}\right] \] on the standard quantum odd-dimensional sphere \(\mathcal{O}\left( S_{q}^{2n+1}\right) \) generated by noncommuting coordinates \(z_{i}\) with \(i=0,\dots,n\). For \(l_{0}=\dots=l_{n}=1\), we get the quantum complex projective space \(\mathbb{CP}_{q}^{n}=WP_{q}\left( 1,\dots,1\right) \), and for \(n=1\), we get quantum weighted projective lines \(WP_{q}\left( k,l\right) \), called quantum teardrops, where \(k,l\) are coprime. In this paper, \(\mathcal{O}\left( WP_{q}\left( k,l\right) \right) \) is first identified as the (unital) *-subalgebra of \(\mathcal{O}\left( S_{q} ^{3}\right) \equiv\mathcal{O}\left( SU_{q}\left( 2\right) \right) \) generated by \(a:=\beta\beta^{\ast}\) and \(b:=\alpha^{l}\beta^{k}\), where \(\alpha\equiv z_{0}\) and \(\beta\equiv z_{1}^{\ast}\) are the standard generators of \(\mathcal{O}\left( SU_{q}\left( 2\right) \right) \), and as the universal *-algebra with two generators \(a,b\) subject to some concrete relations. All bounded irreducible *-representations of \(\mathcal{O}\left( WP_{q}\left( k,l\right) \right) \) are classified and related to the well-known canonical representation of \(\mathcal{O}\left( S_{q}^{3}\right) \). It is shown that \(S_{q}^{3}\) is a quantum principal \(U\left( 1\right) \)-bundle over \(WP_{q}\left( k,l\right) \), or more precisely, the algebra \(\mathcal{O}\left( S_{q}^{3}\right) \) is a principal \(\mathcal{O}\left( U\left( 1\right) _{q}\right) \)-comodule algebra over \(\mathcal{O}\left( WP_{q}\left( k,l\right) \right) \) if and only if \(k=l=1\). On the other hand, it is found that the quantum lens space \(L_{q}\left( l;1,l\right) \) is a quantum principal \(U\left( 1\right) \)-bundle over \(WP_{q}\left( 1,l\right) \), where \(L_{q}\left( l;1,l\right) \) is the quantum quotient space defined by the coaction \(\rho\) of the quantum (also classical) cyclic group \(\mathcal{O}\left( \mathbb{Z}_{l}\right) \) on \(\mathcal{O}\left( S_{q}^{3}\right) \)\ with \(\rho\left( \alpha\right) :=\alpha\otimes w\;\)and \(\rho\left( \beta\right) :=\beta\otimes1\) for the unitary group-like generator \(w\) of \(\mathcal{O}\left( \mathbb{Z}_{l}\right) \) with \(w^{l}=1\). More explicitly, \(\mathcal{O}\left( L_{q}\left( l;1,l\right) \right) \) is generated by \(c:=\alpha^{l}\) and \(d:=\beta\), and the coaction \(\rho_{l}\) of \(\mathcal{O}\left( U\left( 1\right) \right) \) on \(\mathcal{O}\left( L_{q}\left( l;1,l\right) \right) \) is given by \(\rho_{l}\left( c\right) :=c\otimes u\) and \(\rho_{l}\left( d\right) :=d\otimes u^{\ast}\). These results are consistent with the classical situation where \(U\left( 1\right) \equiv\mathbb{T}\) acts on \(\mathbb{S}^{3}\) by \(\left( z,w\right) \mapsto\left( u^{k}z,u^{l}w\right) \) for \(u\in\mathbb{T}\). Finitely generated projective \(\mathcal{O}\left( WP_{q}\left( 1,l\right) \right) \)-modules \(\mathcal{L}\left[ n\right] \), naturally called a quantum line bundle over \(WP_{q}\left( 1,l\right) \), are obtained by taking the cotensor product of \(\mathcal{O}\left( L_{q}\left( l;1,l\right) \right) \) with the (one-dimensional) irreducible left \(\mathcal{O}\left( U\left( 1\right) \right) \)-comodules \(W_{n}\) indexed by \(n\in\mathbb{Z}\) over \(\mathcal{O}\left( U\left( 1\right) \right) \). The authors show that \(\mathcal{L}\left[ 1\right] \) is not a free \(\mathcal{O}\left( WP_{q}\left( 1,l\right) \right) \)-module and, consequently, the principal comodule algebra \(\mathcal{O}\left( L_{q}\left( l;1,l\right) \right) \) is not cleft, by constructing concrete even Fredholm modules over \(\mathcal{O} \left( WP_{q}\left( k,l\right) \right) \) and obtaining a nonzero value for the associated traces at the zero component of the Chern character of \(\mathcal{L}\left[ 1\right] \). Finally, the \(C^*\)-algebra completion \(C\left( WP_{q}\left( 1,l\right) \right) \) of \(\mathcal{O}\left( WP_{q}\left( 1,l\right) \right) \) is shown to be isomorphic to the unitization \(\left( \mathcal{K}^{l}\right) ^{+}\) of the \(C^*\)-algebra\(\;\mathcal{K}^{l}\equiv\oplus_{s=1}^{l}\mathcal{K}\) and its \(K\)-groups are computed, where \(\mathcal{K}\) is the \(C^*\)-algebra of all compact operators on \(\ell^{2}\).