Generic positivity and foliations in positive characteristic (Q2342652): Difference between revisions

Let \(k\) be an algebraically closed filed of characteristic \(0\) and \(X\) a smooth projective variety of dimension \(n\). In [Proc. Symp. Pure Math. 46, 245--268 (1987; Zbl 0659.14008); Adv. Stud. Pure Math. 10, 449--476 (1987; Zbl 0648.14006)], \textit{Y. Miyaoka} showed semipositivity results of the second Chern class: \(c_2(E)H_1\cdots H_{n-2}\geq 0\) with \(H_i\) ample or nef, for \({\mathcal E}\) a torsion-free sheaf on \(X\) or the tangent bundle \({\mathcal T}_X\) if the canonical divisor \(K_X\) is nef (Theorem~6.1 and 6.6 in [Zbl 0648.14006]). In the paper under review, the author generalizes these results to the case of positive characteristic. The main result is as follows: Theorem. Let \(k\) be of characteristic \(p\geq (n-1)(n-2)\) and \(K_X\) is numerically trivial. If \(X\) is not uniruled, then \(c_2(X)H^{n-2}\geq 0\) for every ample divisor \(H\) (Corollary~3.3). This result is a positive characteristic version of Theorem~6.6 in [Zbl 0648.14006] with the additional condition that \(X\) is not uniruled. Note that Theorem~6.6 in [Zbl 0648.14006] is based on ``generic semipositivity of cotangent bundle'' (Corollary~6.4 in [Zbl 0648.14006] or Corollary 8.6 in [Zbl 0659.14008]), which is known to be false in positive characteristic since there is a counter-example given by Ekedahl (Example~8.8 in [Zbl 0659.14008]). However, by considering maximal destabilizing subsheaf of tangent bundles, the author shows that there are 1-foliations in some cases. This is the key point of this main result. Positive characteristic versions of Theorem~6.1 in [Zbl 0648.14006] are given by Theorem~9.2 and 9.3. Also the author studies positivity property of Hodge sheaves of smooth group schemes. As an application he gives a counterexample to Keeler's conjecture that arithmetically nef line bundles are nef (chapter~8). Precisely, the author constructs an example of a smooth projective scheme \(X\) over \(S = \text{Spec}{\mathbb Z}[\frac{1}{N}]\), where \(N\) is some integer, together with a line bundle \(L\) such that \(L_{\bar\eta}\) is nef on the generic fiber \(X_{\bar\eta}\) but for any closed geometric point \(\bar{s}\in S\), \(L_{\bar{s}}\) is not nef on \(X_{\bar{s}}\). This example suggests a negative answer to the following open question: Does semistability of a degree zero vector bundle on a smooth complex projective curve imply strong semistability of infinitely many reductions to positive characteristic? Moreover, some results about tangent bundles of \(K3\) surfaces and global 1-forms of surfaces of general type are given.