Characterization and bifurcation diagram of the family of quadratic differential systems with an invariant ellipse in terms of invariant polynomials (Q2141397): Difference between revisions

Veteran professors Schlomiuk and Vulpe have already studied in the past many families of quadratic systems having several invariant straight lines. They started with the most restrictive cases of 5 and 6 lines (including infinity, and counting multiplicity) and have studied up to 3 lines. Younger professors Oliveira and Rezende are taking the challenge to continue their work. They use the invariants of the Sibirskii School in Chisineau (Republica Moldova) which allow a classification of quadratic systems regardless of the normal form used. These powerful algebraic invariants have also been used in other papers to classify some other families of quadratic systems and the global configurations of singularities. They are so powerful that tear apart the classical way of studying quadratic systems by the simple study of their singularities, jacobians and invariant sets. So, after they have already covered almost everything that can be said about invariant lines, it was expected that they would start also with the invariant sets of dimension 2, that is, generically ellipses and hyperbolas. I think they also have the paper about hyperbolas done. In this paper, they determine by means of algebraic invariants the conditions so that a system may have none, one or an infinite number of ellipses. I expect to see in short the full set of phase portraits of this class as the authors have used to do previously.