Species substitution, graph suspension, and graded Hopf algebras of painted tree polytopes (Q2000789): Difference between revisions

Using various notions on rooted trees (painted, plane, weak-ordered, leveled ordered\dots), twelve combinatorial coalgebras are defined, on the model of the Loday-Ronco Hopf algebras of binary trees or of the Malvenuto-Reutenauer Hopf algebra of permutations, or up to a bijection, of plane binary leveled trees. Eight of these combinatorial coalgebras are given structures of 1-sided Hopf algebras, with examples of coproducts and antipodes. Enumeration of eleven of these families of trees are done with the help of species substitution. The second half of the paper gives a geometric interpretation of these objects. A partial ordering of painted trees is used to represent certain of the considered families of trees as combinatorial equivalence classes of polytopes, described as generalized permutohedra. This includes stellohedra. A Hopf algebra of the faces of the stellohedra is finally defined with the notion of graph tubing.