Compatible contact structures of fibered positively twisted graph multilinks in the 3-sphere (Q2254960): Difference between revisions

A differential \(1\)-form \(\alpha\) on an oriented \(3\)-manifold \(M\) is called a contact form and the \(2\)-plane field given as \(\ker\alpha\) is called a contact structure if \(\alpha \wedge d\,\alpha>0\). A contact structure \(\xi\) on \(M\) is called overtwisted if there is a disk \(D\) embedded in \(M\) such that the tangent plane \(T_xD\) to \(D\) is the same as \(\xi_x\) for every \(x\in\partial D\), otherwise it is called tight. In [Tohoku Math. J. (2) 64, No. 1, 25--59 (2012; Zbl 1241.57032)], the present author studied compatible contact structures of fibered Seifert links in homology 3-spheres. It was proven that if \(M\) is a homology \(3\)-sphere admitting a Seifert fibration \(\Sigma\left(a_1,\dots,a_n\right)\) with \(a_1\cdot a_2\cdot\dots\cdot a_n>0\), \(L\subset M\) is a link that is a finite union of fibers of the Seifert fibration, the complement \(M\smallsetminus L\) is a surface bundle over the circle, and \(\xi\) is a contact structure supported by that open book decomposition, then \(\xi\) is Stein fillable. In this paper, the author defines the notion of graph multilink of a homology \(3\)-sphere and studies compatible contact structures of fibered positively twisted graph multilinks in the 3-sphere. A graph multilink is obtained from Seifert multilinks by iterating a certain gluing operation, called a splicing. Fibered graph multilinks obtained as a splice of Seifert multilinks in homology \(3\)-spheres with \(a_1\cdot a_2\cdot\dots\cdot a_n>0\) are called positively twisted graph multilinks in homology \(3\)-spheres. The author determines the tightness of positively twisted graph multilinks in \(S^3\) by proving that the compatible contact structure of a fibered, positively twisted graph multilink in \(S^3\) is tight if and only if its orientation is canonical. Such a situation occurs for the Milnor fibration of a real analytic germ of the form \((f\,\bar g,O)\), where \(f,g:(\mathbb C^2,O)\to(\mathbb C,0)\) are holomorphic germs at the origin \(O\in\mathbb C^2\), and \(\bar g\) represents the complex conjugation of \(g\). The author also proves that if the Milnor fibration \(\frac{f\,\bar g}{|f\,\bar g|}:S_\varepsilon\smallsetminus\{fg=0\}\to S^1\) of \((f\,\bar g,O)\) is a locally trivial fibration, then its compatible contact structure is overtwisted, where \(S_\varepsilon\) is the real \(3\)-sphere centered at \(O\in\mathbb C^2\) with sufficiently small radius \(\varepsilon >0\).