A generalization of almost convergence, completeness of some normed spaces with wuC series and a version of Orlicz-Pettis theorem (Q2331717): Difference between revisions

Let \(X\) be a normed space and \(\sum x_{k}\) a formal series in \(X.\) A series \( \sum x_{k}\) in \(X\) is unconditionally convergent if the series \(\sum_{k\in \pi }x_{k}\) converges for every permutation \(\pi \) and is weakly uconditionally Cauchy (wuc) if \(\sum_{k=1}^{\infty }\left\vert x^{\prime }x_{k}\right\vert <\infty \) for every \(x^{\prime }\in X^{\prime }\). Let \[ M^{\infty }\left(\sum x_{k}\right)=\left\{t=\{t_{k}\}\in l^{\infty }:\sum t_{k}x_{k}\text{ converges}\right\} \] and equip this subspace of \(l^{\infty }\) with the sup-norm. The summing operator is defined by \[ S:M^{\infty }\left(\sum x_{k}\right)\rightarrow X,\ t\rightarrow \sum t_{k}x_{k}. \] \textit{F. J. Pérez-Fernández} et al. [Czech. Math. J. 50, No. 4, 889--896 (2000; Zbl 1079.46505)] have used the space \(M^{\infty }(\sum x_{k})\) and the summing operator to give characterizations of completeness and wuc series. For example: \(X\) is complete iff \(M^{\infty }(\sum x_{k})\) is complete for every wuc series; \(S\) is continuous iff \(\sum x_{k}\) is wuc; and if \(X\) is a Banach space, \(M^{\infty }(\sum x_{k})\) is complete iff \(\sum x_{k}\) is wuc. Similar results are obtained if \(M^{\infty }(\sum x_{k})\) is replaced by the space of weakly convergent series, \[ M^{\infty }\left(\sum x_{k}\right)=\left\{t=\{t_{k}\}\in l^{\infty }:\sum t_{k}x_{k}\text{ converges weakly}\right\} \] Similar results have been obtained by Pérez-Fernández et al.\ [loc.\,cit.], by replacing convergence by Cesàro and almost convergence. In the present paper, the authors give a generalization of almost convergence and establish results analogous to those of Pérez-Fernández et al.\ [loc.\,cit.]. Let \[ 0<\lambda _{1}<\lambda _{2}<\dots, \quad \lim \lambda _{k}=\infty, \quad (\Delta\lambda )_{k}=\lambda _{k}-\lambda _{k-1},\text{ where } \lambda =\{\lambda _{k}\},\,\lambda _{0}=0. \] The series \(\sum x_{k}\) is \(f_{\lambda }\) convergent to \(x_{0}\) if \[ \lim_{n}\left\Vert \frac{1}{\lambda _{n+1}}\sum_{k=m}^{m+n}(\Delta\lambda )_{k}s_{k}-x_{0}\right\Vert =0\text{ uniformly for } n\in\mathbb{N}, \] where \(s_{k}=\sum_{j=1}^{k}x_{j}\) is the partial sum of the series. If \( \lambda _{k}=k\) for every \(k\), the series is \(f_{\lambda }\) convergent to \( x_{0}\) iff the series is almost convergent to \(x_{0}\), so this convergence generalizes almost convergence. The authors obtain results analogous to those of Pérez-Fernández et al., by replacing convergence by \(f_{\lambda }\) convergence. Also, a version of the Orlicz-Pettis theorem is given, using \(f_{\lambda }\) convergence.