Congruences involving Bernoulli polynomials (Q2463470): Difference between revisions

The author proves congruences modulo \(p\), an odd prime, between values of Bernoulli polynomials \(B_n(x)\) and certain sums of Kronecker symbols \(({k\over p})\) or, alternatively, sums of binomial coefficients \(p\choose k\). He also proves similar congruences for Euler polynomials \(E_n(x)\). As an application he finds several congruences for the class number \(h(d)\) of the quadratic field of discriminant \(d\), e.g., the congruence \(h(-5p) \equiv -8B_{(p+1)/2}(1/5)\pmod p\) for \(p\equiv 11,19 \pmod{20}\). Secondly, the author continues his study of so-called \(p\)-regular functions, begun in [Discrete Appl. Math. 105, No. 1--3, 193--223 (2000; Zbl 0990.11008)]. From this he obtains congruences modulo \(p\)-power both for Bernoulli polynomials and for generalized Bernoulli numbers attached to given Dirichlet characters. Some congruences are closely related to the well-known Kummer congruences. There are also congruences modulo 2-power for Euler numbers.