Maps preserving numerical radius or cross norms of products of self-adjoint operators (Q606275): Difference between revisions

Let \(B_s(H)\) be the real Jordan algebra of all selfadjoint operators on a complex Hilbert space \(H\) of dimension at least three. For a bounded linear operator \(A\) on \(H\), the numerical range of \(A\) is defined by \(W(A)=\{\langle Ax,x\rangle:x\in H, \|x\|=1\}\), and the numerical radius is given by \(w(A)=\sup\{|\lambda|:\lambda\in W(A)\}\). The authors prove, in particular, that for a surjective map \(\phi\) (not assumed linear or additive) on \(B_s(H)\), the following statements are equivalent: (1) \(w(\phi(A)\phi(B))=w(AB)\) for all \(A,~B\in B_s(H)\). (2) \(w(\phi(A)\phi(B)\phi(A))=w(ABA)\) for all \(A,~B\in B_s(H)\). (3) There are a unitary or conjugate unitary operator on \(H\) and a functional \(h:B_s(H)\to\{-1,~1\}\) such that \(\phi(T)=h(T)UTU^*\) for all \(T\in B_s(H))\).