On the universal coefficients formula for shape homology (Q391369): Difference between revisions

The current paper concerns the question whether various shape homology theories \(h_\ast\) satisfy the universal coefficients formula (UCF) in a class \(\mathfrak{C}\) of abelian groups, i.e., for any topological space \(X\) and for any \(G\in \mathfrak C\), there are natural exact short sequences \[ 0 \to h_n(X, {\mathbb Z}) \otimes_{\mathbb Z} G \to h_n(X, G) \to \mathfrak {Tor}_1^{\mathbb Z}(h_{n-1}(X, {\mathbb Z}, G) \to 0 \] where \(\mathfrak{Tor}\) is the usual torsion functor \(\mathrm{Tor}\) or an appropriate generalization of \(\mathrm{Tor}\). The shape homology theories considered in the paper are strong homology theory, which is defined as in [Topology Appl. 113, No.1-3, 249-291 (2001; Zbl 1008.55010)] (equivalent to that of [\textit{S. Mardešić}, Strong shape and homology. Springer Monographs in Mathematics. Berlin: Springer. (2000; Zbl 0939.55007)]), pro-homology theory, which is defined as in [\textit{S. Mardesic} and \textit{J. Segal}, Shape theory. The inverse system approach. North-Holland Mathematical Library, Vol. 26. Amsterdam - New York - Oxford: North-Holland Publishing Company. (1982; Zbl 0495.55001)], and their revised versions. It is proved that strong homology theory \(\overline{H}_\ast\) satisfies the UCF in the class \(\mathbf{FAB}\) of finitely generated abelian groups but not in the class \(\mathbf{AB}\) of all abelian groups. For the UCF for a pro-homology theory \(\mathbf{H}_\ast\), proper definitions of the tensor product of the form \(\mathbf{M} \otimes N\) and the torsion pro-group \(\mathbf{Tor}(\mathbf{M}, N)\) for an abelian pro-group \(\mathbf{M}\) and an abelian group \(N\) are formulated. It is then proved that \(\mathbf{H}_\ast\) satisfies the UCF in the class \(\mathbf{FAB}\) of finitely generated abelian groups but not in the class \(\mathbf{AB}\) of all abelian groups. To overcome the deficiencies which \(\overline{H}_\ast\) and \(\mathbf{H}_\ast\) have for the UCF, the author then tries to construct new shape homology theories, called balanced strong homology theory and balanced pro-homology theory, by modifying the definitions of \(\overline{H}_\ast\) and \(\mathbf{H}_\ast\), respectively. It is proved that balanced pro-homology theory \(\mathbf{H}_\ast^b\) satisfies the UCF in \(\mathbf{AB}\), while balanced strong homology theory \(\overline{H}_\ast^b\) satisfies the UCF only in \(\mathbf{FAB}\) but not in \(\mathbf{AB}\).