Non-additivity of strong homology (Q2577135)

A homology theory (in this case: the strong homology in the sense of Lisitsa-Mardesic) is called additive whenever for any family \(X^\alpha\); \(\alpha \in A\) of topological spaces the canonical embeddings \[ f^\alpha: X^\alpha\to \underset{\alpha \in A} \amalg X^\alpha \] induce an isomorphism \[ \varphi_{p,(X^\alpha;A),G}: \bigoplus_{\alpha \in A}\overline H_p(X^\alpha;G) \rightarrow \overline H_p \Bigl(\underset{\alpha \in A}\amalg X^\alpha; G\Bigr). \] If \(X^\alpha = X\) for one single space \(X\), we set \(\varphi_{p,(X^\alpha;A),G}=\varphi_{p,X,A,G}\). Since \(\varphi_{p,X,A,G}\) is always injective, \[ S_{p,X,A,G}= \operatorname{coker} \varphi_{p,X,A,G} \] serves as an obstruction for measuring the additivity of the homology in question. The present author together with S. Mardesic provided 18 years ago a finite-dimensional and compact counterexample against the additivity of Lisitsa-Mardesic-strong homology which worked under the additional assumption of the continuum hypothesis. In the present paper the author offers a counterexample without such additional requirement, which is paracompact but not metrizable. More precisely there exists a space \(X\) such that for any non-trivial abelian group \(G\), countable \(A\) and for any \(p\geq -2\), \(\varphi_{p,X,A,G}\) is injective but not surjective. Let \(Y(k)\) be the Hawaiian earring of countably many \(k\)-spheres, then the author verifies that under a set-theoretical assumption, weaker than the continuum hypothesis, \[ |S_{k-1,Y(k), \omega,G}|= |G|^{\aleph_1}. \] This improves the previous result of S. Mardesic and the present author. Concerning another approach to strong homology and the question of non-additivity, cf. [the reviewer, Note Mat. 10, Suppl. No. 1, 73--102 (1990; Zbl 0761.55003)].