Tonelli Hamiltonians without conjugate points and \(C^0\) integrability (Q2349890): Difference between revisions

Let \(T\mathbb{T}^n\) be the tangent space of the \(n\)-dimensional torus. A \(C^2\) function \(L:T\mathbb{T}^n\rightarrow\mathbb{R}\) is named a Tonelli Lagrangian if \(\lim\limits_{|v|\rightarrow\infty} \frac{L(x,v)}{|v|}\rightarrow +\infty\) and the matrix \(\partial^2_v L\) is everywhere positive definite. Then, the associated Hamiltonian \(H(x,p):=\sup\limits_{v\in T_x\mathbb{T}^n} \big( p\cdot\! v - L(x,v) \big)\) is called Tonelli Hamiltonian. The first new result in the article under review is that \(H\) has no conjugate points iff there exists a continuous foliation \({\mathcal T}\) of the cotangent space \(T^*\mathbb{T}^n\) by Lipschitz, Lagrangian, flow-invariant graphs. Each leaf of each graph is the dual Aubry set \(G^*_{T,r}\) (with time \(T>0\) and \(r \in \mathbb{Z}^n\)) to some cohomology class. Some of those \(G^*_{T,r}\) are covered by periodic orbits \(\phi^H_t\), \(t \in \mathbb{R}\) of the Hamiltonian flow and the dynamics on the corresponding leaves is periodic. Using a KAM theorem, the authors also prove that these periodic sets \(G^*_{T,r}\) are accumulated by KAM tori on which the dynamics is conjugated to a strongly Diophantine irrational rotation on \(\mathbb{T}^n\). Moreover, there exists a dense subset \({\mathcal G}\) of \({\mathcal T}\) such that the restriction of the time-1 flow \(\phi^H_1\) to the elements of \({\mathcal G}\) is strictly ergodic (i.e., there is only one Borel invariant probability measure the support of which is in this set, and the support of this measure is the whole set). Finally, if \(H\) is a \(C^3\) Tonelli Hamiltonian and \(C^0\) integrable, then for every Borel invariant probability measure the Lyapunov exponents are zero.