A particular minimization property implies \(C^{0}\)-integrability (Q630565)

This interesting paper is devoted to an investigation of the so-called Tonelli Hamiltonian (TH) flows. At the end of the 80's, John Mather proved the existence of minimizing sets for the TH flows. For instance, all the geodesic flows are such Tonelli flows. More general flows are Tonelli flows, as the ones that describe mechanical systems. One can construct some particular invariant subsets (Mather set, Aubry set and Mañé set) for these flows. If \(H:T^{\ast }M\to \mathbb{R}\) is a TH, then we can associate a lot of Mather/Aubry/Mañé sets with its Hamiltonian flow, one for each cohomology class of \(H^1(M,\mathbb{R})\). Here the author considers tiered sets. For example, the dual tiered Mañé set \(\mathcal{N}_{\ast }^T(H)\) of a Tonelli Hamiltonian is the union of all the dual Mañé sets of \(H\) associated to all the cohomology classes of \(M\). It is known that for a generic TH, the tiered Mañé set has no interior. Assume in the present paper that \(\mathcal{N}_{\ast }^T(H)=T^{\ast }M\), that is, every orbit of the Hamiltonian flow of \(H\) is globally minimizing for \(L-\lambda \), where \(L\) is the Lagrangian associated to \(H\), and \(\lambda \) is a closed \(1\)-form depending on the considered orbit. In the case of compact and connected \(M\), the author obtains two assertions: (i) there exists a partition of \(T^{\ast }M\) into invariant Lipschitz Lagrangian graphs; (ii) the dual tiered Mañé set of \(H\) is the whole cotangent bundle \(T^{\ast }M\). It turns out that the above stated assertions are equivalent. Moreover, in this case there exists an invariant dense \(G_{\delta }\)-subset \(\mathcal{G}\) of \(T^{\ast }M\) such that all the graphs of the partition that meet \(\mathcal{G}\) are in fact \(C^1\). Other corollary is that the Mather \(\beta \) function is everywhere differentiable.