\(C^{1, \omega }\) extension formulas for $1$-jets on Hilbert spaces (Q2048635): Difference between revisions

For a modulus of continuity \(\omega\colon[0,\infty)\to [0,\infty)\) and a Banach space \(X\), let \(C^{1,\omega}(X)\) denote the set of all Fréchet differentiable functions \(g\colon X\to \mathbb{R}\) for the which the mapping \(X\to X^{*}\), \(x\mapsto Dg(x)\) is continuous with modulus of continuity \(\omega\), with respect to the standard norm on \(X^{*}\). In [J. Anal. Math. 6, 1--124 (1958; Zbl 0091.28103)], \textit{G.~Glaeser} characterised the \(1\)-jets \((f,G)\colon E\subseteq \mathbb{R}^{n}\to (\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^{n})\) which admit an `extension' \(F\in C^{1,\omega}(\mathbb{R}^{n})\) with \((F,\nabla F)=(f,G)\) on \(E\). This result can be thought of as the \(C^{1,\omega}\) version of the classical Whitney extension theorem of [\textit{H.~Whitney}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 36, 63--89 (1934; Zbl 0008.24902)]. In the article under review, the authors obtain extensions of Glaeser's theorem to Hilbert spaces and superreflexive Banach spaces. \textit{G.~Glaeser} [loc.\,cit.]\ associated a quantity \(A(f,G)\) to a \(1\)-jet \((f,G)\colon E\to (\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^{n})\) which may be thought of as a type of Lipschitz constant of \((f,G)\). He additionally provided the bound \(A(F,\nabla F)\leq k(n)A(f,G)\) on the corresponding Lipschitz constant of \((F,\nabla F)\) for an extension \(F\in C^{1,\omega}(\mathbb{R}^{n})\). The size of the constant \(k(n)\) has been a matter of research interest. The papers [\textit{J.~C. Wells}, J. Differ. Geom. 8, 135--152 (1973; Zbl 0289.58005); \textit{E.~Le Gruyer}, Geom. Funct. Anal. 19, No.~4, 1101--1118 (2009; Zbl 1196.54035); \textit{A.~Daniilidis} et al., Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 146, No.~10, 4487--4495 (2018; Zbl 1406.54009); \textit{D.~Azagra} et al., J. Funct. Anal. 274, No.~10, 3003--3032 (2018; Zbl 1393.58006)] extended Glaeser's theorem to Hilbert spaces for the special case of the modulus of continuity \(\omega(t)=t\). Further, a corollary of these results proves that in such cases the constant \(k(n)\) may be taken equal to~\(1\). One of the main results of the present article achieves an extension of Glaeser's theorem to all Hilbert spaces \(X\) (for general moduli of continuity \(\omega\)). It is further established that the constant \(k(X)\), denoted by \(k(n)\) above for the case \(X=\mathbb{R}^{n}\), may be taken equal to \(2\). Improvements of this result are given for the Hölder moduli of continuity \(\omega(t)=t^{\alpha}\). Extension results of a similar type are also proved in the setting of superreflexive Banach spaces with some restriction on the admitted moduli of continuity \(\omega\). The superreflexivity condition is known to be necessary for a Whitney-type extension theorem for Banach spaces; see [\textit{D.~Azagra} et al., loc. cit.]. A further contribution of the reviewed article is to provide additional properties characterising \(1\)-jets admitting \(C^{1,\omega}\) extensions in both the Hilbert and superreflexive Banach space settings.