C^1, extension formulas for 1-jets on Hilbert spaces

is bounded with respect to a natural seminorm arising from the constants in the given condition for extension (and the bounds we obtain are almost sharp); (2)

F

is given by an explicit formula; (3)

(F, a b l a F)

depend continuously on the given data

(f, G)

; (4) if

f

is bounded (resp. if

G

is bounded) then so is

F

(resp.

F

is Lipschitz). We also provide similar results on superreflexive Banach spaces.

Review text

For a modulus of continuity $\omega\colon[0,\infty)\to [0,\infty)$ and a Banach space $X$, let $C^{1,\omega}(X)$ denote the set of all Fréchet differentiable functions $g\colon X\to \mathbb{R}$ for the which the mapping $X\to X^{*}$, $x\mapsto Dg(x)$ is continuous with modulus of continuity $\omega$, with respect to the standard norm on $X^{*}$. In [J. Anal. Math. 6, 1--124 (1958; Zbl 0091.28103)], \textit{G.~Glaeser} characterised the $1$-jets $(f,G)\colon E\subseteq \mathbb{R}^{n}\to (\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^{n})$ which admit an `extension' $F\in C^{1,\omega}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$ with $(F,\nabla F)=(f,G)$ on $E$. This result can be thought of as the $C^{1,\omega}$ version of the classical Whitney extension theorem of [\textit{H.~Whitney}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 36, 63--89 (1934; Zbl 0008.24902)]. In the article under review, the authors obtain extensions of Glaeser's theorem to Hilbert spaces and superreflexive Banach spaces. \textit{G.~Glaeser} [loc.\,cit.]\ associated a quantity $A(f,G)$ to a $1$-jet $(f,G)\colon E\to (\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^{n})$ which may be thought of as a type of Lipschitz constant of $(f,G)$. He additionally provided the bound $A(F,\nabla F)\leq k(n)A(f,G)$ on the corresponding Lipschitz constant of $(F,\nabla F)$ for an extension $F\in C^{1,\omega}(\mathbb{R}^{n})$. The size of the constant $k(n)$ has been a matter of research interest. The papers [\textit{J.~C. Wells}, J. Differ. Geom. 8, 135--152 (1973; Zbl 0289.58005); \textit{E.~Le Gruyer}, Geom. Funct. Anal. 19, No.~4, 1101--1118 (2009; Zbl 1196.54035); \textit{A.~Daniilidis} et al., Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 146, No.~10, 4487--4495 (2018; Zbl 1406.54009); \textit{D.~Azagra} et al., J. Funct. Anal. 274, No.~10, 3003--3032 (2018; Zbl 1393.58006)] extended Glaeser's theorem to Hilbert spaces for the special case of the modulus of continuity $\omega(t)=t$. Further, a corollary of these results proves that in such cases the constant $k(n)$ may be taken equal to~$1$. One of the main results of the present article achieves an extension of Glaeser's theorem to all Hilbert spaces $X$ (for general moduli of continuity $\omega$). It is further established that the constant $k(X)$, denoted by $k(n)$ above for the case $X=\mathbb{R}^{n}$, may be taken equal to $2$. Improvements of this result are given for the Hölder moduli of continuity $\omega(t)=t^{\alpha}$. Extension results of a similar type are also proved in the setting of superreflexive Banach spaces with some restriction on the admitted moduli of continuity $\omega$. The superreflexivity condition is known to be necessary for a Whitney-type extension theorem for Banach spaces; see [\textit{D.~Azagra} et al., loc. cit.]. A further contribution of the reviewed article is to provide additional properties characterising $1$-jets admitting $C^{1,\omega}$ extensions in both the Hilbert and superreflexive Banach space settings.

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