Strong instability of standing waves for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in trapped dipolar quantum gases (Q2665532): Difference between revisions

This paper is devoted to the study of strong instability of standing waves for the following nonlinear Schrödinger equation \[ i\hbar\partial_{t}u=-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m}\Delta u+W\left( x\right) u+U_{0}\left\vert u\right\vert ^{2}u+\left( V_{dip}\ast\left\vert u\right\vert ^{2}\right) u,\text{ }x\in\mathbb{R}^{3},\text{ }t>0, \] where \(\hbar\) is the Planck constant, \(m\) is the mass of a dipolar particle, \(\ast\) denotes the convolution, \(W(x)\) is a partial/complete harmonic potential defined by \[ W\left( x\right) =a^{2}\left( x_{1}^{2}+\dots+x_{d}^{2}\right) , \] \(1\leq d\leq3\) and \(a\) is the trapping frequency, \(U_{0}=4\pi\hbar^{2}a_{s}/m\) denotes the local interaction between dipoles in the condensate with the \(s-\)wave scattering length \(a_{s},\) and \[ V_{dip}\left( x\right) =\frac{\mu_{0}\mu_{dip}^{2}}{4\pi}\frac{1-3\cos ^{2}\theta}{\left\vert x\right\vert ^{3}},\text{ }x\in\mathbb{R}^{3}, \] where \(\mu_{0}\) is the vacuum magnetic permeability, \(\mu_{dip}\) is the permanent magnetic dipole moment and \(\theta\) is the angle between \(x\in\mathbb{R}^{3}\) and the dipole axis \(\mathbf{n}\in\mathbb{R}^{3}.\) In the free case \(W=0,\) the author present a new argument to prove that the ground state standing waves are strongly unstable by blow-up, whereas in the presence of a partial/complete harmonic potential, they prove that the ground state standing wave \(u\left( t,x\right) =e^{i\omega t}Q_{\omega}\left( x\right) \) is strongly unstable by blow-up if \(\left. \partial_{\mu}^{2}S_{\omega }\left( Q_{\omega}^{\mu}\right) \right\vert _{\mu=1}\leq0,\) where \(S_{\omega}\left( Q\right) =E\left( Q\right) +\omega\left\Vert Q\right\Vert _{L^{2}}^{2}\) is the action functional with \(E\left( Q\right) \) denoting the energy, and \(Q_{\omega}^{\mu}=\mu^{\frac{3}{2}}Q_{\omega}\left( \mu x\right) \) is the \(L^{2}\)-invariant scaling.