Diophantine equations in separated variables and polynomial power sums (Q2049537): Difference between revisions

Diophantine equations in separated variables of type \(f(x)=g(y)\) are well-known in the literature, cf. \textit{R. F. Tichy} and \textit{D. Kreso} [Period. Math. Hung. 76, No. 1, 47--67 (2018; Zbl 1399.11105)]. To solve equations of this type, a powerful tool is the application of the result of \textit{Y. F. Bilu} and \textit{R. F. Tichy} [Acta Arith. 95, No. 3, 261--288 (2000; Zbl 0958.11049)]. Let \(G_n(x)=a_1\alpha_1(x)^n+\ldots+a_d\alpha_d(x)^n\) be the \(n\)-th term in a linear recurrence sequence of polynomials, let \(H_m(y)=b_1\beta_1(y)^n+\ldots+b_t\beta_t(x)^n\) be the \(m\)-th term in another linear recurrence sequence of polynomials. Under certain assumptions the authors prove: -- if \(G_n(x)\) is indecomposable, then \(G_n(x)=H_m(y)\) has infinitely many rational solutions if and only if there exists a polynomial \(P(y)\in\mathbb Q[y]\) such that \(H_m(y)=G_n(P(y))\) holds identically. -- if in addition \(H_m(y)\) is also indecomposable, then in the above statement we can restrict \(P(y)\) to be linear.