Hardy spaces for Fourier-Bessel expansions (Q279763)

The paper contains a study of Hardy spaces \(H^1\) associated with the Bessel operators \(\mathcal L=\mathcal L_\nu=-\frac{d^2}{dx^2}-\frac{2\nu+1}{x}\frac{d}{dx}\) and \(L=L_\nu=-\frac{d^2}{dx^2}+\frac{\nu^2-1\slash4}{x^2}\), \(\nu>-1\slash2\), acting as differential operators on functions on the unit interval \(I=(0,1)\). The natural self-adjoint extension of \(\mathcal L\), denoted by the same character, is given in terms of eigenfunctions \(\{\phi^\nu_n\}_1^\infty\) which form an orthonormal basis in \(L^2(I,x^{2\nu+1}dx)\). Here \(\phi^\nu_n(x)=d_{n,\nu}\lambda_{n,\nu}^{1\slash2}J_\nu(\lambda_{n,\nu}x)x^{-\nu}\), where \(J_\nu\) denotes the Bessel function of the first kind of order \(\nu\), \(\{\lambda_{n,\nu}\}_1^\infty\) is the sequence of successive positive zeros of \(J_\nu\) and \(d_{n,\nu}\) is a normalization constant. Expansions with respect to \(\{\phi^\nu_n\}_1^\infty\) are called Fourier-Bessel expansions. The Hardy space \(H^1\) related to \(\{\phi^\nu_n\}_1^\infty\) is defined in terms of a maximal operator based on the Poisson semigroup \(\{\mathcal P_t\}_{t>0}\), \(\mathcal P_t=\exp(-t\mathcal L^{1\slash2})\): \[ H^1_{\mathcal L}=\{f\in L^1(I,x^{2\nu+1}dx): \|f\|_{H^1_{\mathcal L}}=\sup_{t>0}|\mathcal P_tf|\in L^1(I,x^{2\nu+1}dx)\}. \] Then, after defining in a suitable way \(\mathcal L\)-atoms, the atomic Hardy space \(H^1_{\mathcal L,\mathrm{at}}\) and the atomic norm \(\|\cdot\|_{H^1_{\mathcal L,\mathrm{at}}}\) are defined in the usual manner. One of the two main results of the paper says that the spaces \(H^1_{\mathcal L}\) and \(H^1_{\mathcal L,\mathrm{at}}\) coincide with equivalence of norms. The main tools used in the proof are sharp estimates of the Poisson kernel \(\mathcal P_t(x,y)\) and Uchiyama's theory of local Hardy spaces on spaces of homogeneous type. Analogous results are derived for the Hardy space \(H^1\) related to \(L\). In this case, the natural self-adjoint extension of \(L\) is given in terms of eigenfunctions \(\{\psi^\nu_n\}_1^\infty\), \(\psi^\nu_n(x)=x^{\nu+1\slash2}\phi^\nu_n(x)\), which form an orthonormal basis in \(L^2(I,dx)\).