Regularity over homomorphisms and a Frobenius characterization of Koszul algebras (Q2341304)

Let \(R\) be a commutative standard graded algebra over a field \(k\). In [\textit{L. L. Avramov} and \textit{D. Eisenbud}, J. Algebra 153, No. 1, 85--90 (1992; Zbl 0770.13006)] it was shown that if \(R\) is Koszul -- meaning that \(k\) has a linear free resolution -- then every finitely generated graded \(R\)-module has finite (Castelnuovo-Mumford) regularity. In [\textit{L. L. Avramov} and \textit{I. Peeva}, Am. J. Math. 123, No. 2, 275--281 (2001; Zbl 1053.13500)] a strong converse was proved, namely that if \(k\) has finite regularity, then \(R\) is Koszul. In this sense, \(k\) is a ``test module'' for the Koszulness of \(R\). A main result in the paper under review -- which is inspired by similar results in local algebra due to Kunz and Rodicio -- shows how the Frobenius endomorphism yields other such test modules for the Koszul property. More precisely, assume that \(k\) has characteristic \(p>0\) and let \(\phi : R \to R\) be the Frobenius endomorphism. Given a power of the Frobenius endomorphism \(\phi^e : R \to R\), any graded \(R\)-module can be given a new graded \(R\)-module structure through \(\phi^e\); this new module is denoted \({}^{\phi^e}\!M\). It is proved that if \(k\) is \(F\)-finite and \(M\) is any non-zero finitely generated graded \(R\)-module for which there exists \(e>0\) such that \({}^{\phi^e}\!M\) has finite regularity, in symbols: \(\text{reg}_{R}({}^{\phi^e}\!M)<\infty\), then \(R\) is Koszul. In fact, a much more general result about arbitrary endomorphisms \(\psi : R \to R\) is established; it asserts that if \(\psi\) has order \(\geq 2\) and \(M\) is any non-zero finitely generated graded \(R\)-module such that \(\text{reg}_{\psi}(M)<\infty\), then \(R\) is Koszul. Here \(\text{reg}_{\psi}(M)\) is the regularity of \(M\) over \(\psi\), which is a new invariant developed in the paper.