Hydrodynamic projections and the emergence of linearised Euler equations in one-dimensional isolated systems
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Publication:2117325
DOI10.1007/S00220-022-04310-3zbMATH Open1489.82054arXiv2011.00611OpenAlexW3094890104MaRDI QIDQ2117325FDOQ2117325
Publication date: 21 March 2022
Published in: Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)
Abstract: One of the most profound questions of mathematical physics is that of establishing from first principles the hydrodynamic equations in large, isolated, strongly interacting many-body systems. This involves understanding relaxation at long times under reversible dynamics, determining the space of emergent collective degrees of freedom (the ballistic waves), showing that projection occurs onto them, and establishing their dynamics (the hydrodynamic equations). We make progress in these directions, focussing for simplicity on one-dimensional systems. Under a model-independent definition of the complete space of extensive conserved charges, we show that hydrodynamic projection occurs in Euler-scale two-point correlation functions. A fundamental ingredient is a property of relaxation: we establish ergodicity of correlation functions along almost every direction in space-time. We further show that to every extensive conserved charge with a local density is associated a local current and a continuity equation; and that Euler-scale two-point correlation functions of local conserved densities satisfy a hydrodynamic equation. The results are established rigorously within a general framework based on Hilbert spaces of observables. These spaces occur naturally in the algebra description of statistical mechanics by the Gelfand-Naimark-Segal construction. Using Araki's exponential clustering and the Lieb-Robinson bound, we show that the results hold, for instance, in every nonzero-temperature Gibbs state of short-range quantum spin chains. Many techniques we introduce are generalisable to higher dimensions. This provides a precise and universal theory for the emergence of ballistic waves at the Euler scale and how they propagate within homogeneous, stationary states.
Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.00611
Euler equations (35Q31) Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory, including spectral analysis (81Q10) Many-body theory; quantum Hall effect (81V70) Interacting particle systems in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C22) Applications of selfadjoint operator algebras to physics (46L60)
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