Zeta and eta functions for Atiyah-Patodi-Singer operators (Q1923007)

Let \(X\) be a compact, \(n\)-dimensional, smooth manifold with boundary \(\partial X=X'\) and \[ P: C^\infty(E_1) \to C^\infty (E_2) \] a first-order differential operator between sections of the Hermitian vector bundles \(E_1\) and \(E_2\) over \(X\). It is well-known that a neighborhood of the boundary \(\partial X\) of \(X\) has the form \(X'\times [0,c]\); let us assume that \(E_i\) is isomorphic to the pullback of \(E_i\), i.e., the restriction of \(E_i\) to \(X'\), and that the operator \(P\) is represented on \(X' \times [0,c]\) as \[ P= \sigma (\partial_{x_n} + A), \] where \(\sigma\) is an arbitrary morphism from \(E_1'\) to \(E_2'\) and \(A\) is an elliptic first order differential operator on \(C^\infty(E'_1)\), selfadjoint in \(L^2(X',E_1')\) with respect to some smooth measure \(dx'\). \(\sigma\) and \(A\) are assumed to be independent of \(x_n\) and the measure \(dx\) on \(X\) equals \(dx'dx_n\) on \(X' \times [0,c]\) (the so-called cylindrical case). Also in the rest of \(X,P\) is assumed to be elliptic. Under these restrictions the authors obtain a complete description of the singularities of \(\Gamma(s) \xi (\Delta_i,s)\) and, more generally, of \(\Gamma(s)Tr (D\cdot \Delta_1^{-1})\), \(\Gamma(s) Tr(D \Delta_2^{-s})\), \(\Gamma(s) Tr(DP \Delta_1^{-s})\) and \(\Gamma(s) Tr(DP^* \Delta_2^{-s})\), where \(D\) is a differential operator on \(X'\). The material is organized as follows. Section 2 establishes notation, states the main results and some consequences, explains the relation between zeta function and resolvent traces, and recalls the essential facts about these functions for the case of boundaryless manifolds. Section 3 analyzes the \(Tr(D \Delta_i^{-s})\), giving the zeta function of \(\Delta_i\) when \(D=I\). Section 4 treats \(Tr(DP \Delta_1^{-s})\) and \(Tr(DP^* \Delta_2^{-s})\), giving the eta functions of \(P_\geq (=\) projection on eigenspaces of \(A\) with eigenvalue \(\geq 0)\) and \(P^*_\geq\) when \(D=I\). Finally Section 5 gives the expansions of the corresponding heat traces.