Cohomological Hall algebras for Higgs torsion sheaves, moduli of triples and sheaves on surfaces (Q2174753)

Consider a finite field \(\mathbb{F}_q\). The category of finite dimensional representations \(\mathrm{Rep}_{\mathbb{F}_q}{Q}\) of a finite quiver \(Q\) and the category \(\mathrm{Coh}(C)\) of coherent sheaves on a smooth projective curve over \(\mathbb{F}_q\) are two relevant examples of a hereditarian abelian category. Such a category \(\mathcal{C}\) has an associated Hall algebra \(\mathcal{H}(\mathcal{C})\), roughly defined as the complex vector space with a basis consisting of isomorphism classes of objects of \(\mathcal{C}\), and the product of two elements given by the sum of all non-isomorphic extensions between them. The Hall algebra \(\mathcal{H}(\mathrm{Rep}_{\mathbb{F}_q}{Q})\) is well-understood by the work of \textit{C. M. Ringel} [Invent. Math. 101, No. 3, 583--591 (1990; Zbl 0735.16009)], but the same for \(\mathcal{H}(\mathrm{Coh}(C))\) is far from being true. The main motivation of this paper is to get a better understanding of this algebra. Its purpose is to begin investigation of algebras and their representations in the context of curves i.e. for \(\mathrm{Coh}(C)\), which are analogous to the construction of the cohomological Hall algebra obtained in [\textit{Y. Yang} and \textit{G. Zhao}, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 116, No. 5, 1029--1074 (2018; Zbl 1431.17013)], for \(\mathrm{Rep}_{\mathbb{F}_q}{Q}\). For that, the author considers the cotangent stack \(T^*\underline{\mathcal{C}oh}(C)\), which is isomorphic to the stack of Higgs sheaves \(\underline{\mathcal{H}iggs}(C)\) over \(C\). He also studies a homological version of Hall algebra, modeled on the vector space \(A(\underline{\mathcal{H}iggs}(C))\), where \(A\) is either Borel-Moore homology or an arbitrary free oriented Borel-Moore homology theory. The general program proposed by the author is as follows: (1) construct a (bi-)algebra structure \(A\textbf{Ha}_C\) on \(A(\underline{\mathcal{H}iggs}(C))\); (2) define a suitable stability condition on \(T^*\underline{\mathcal{C}oh}^{\leftarrow\ \mathcal{F}} C\), where \(\underline{\mathcal{C}oh}^{\leftarrow\ \mathcal{F}} C\) is the stack of pairs \((\mathcal{E},\alpha)\) with \(\mathcal{E}\in\mathrm{Coh}(C)\) and \(\alpha\in\mathrm{Hom}(\mathcal{F},\mathcal{E})\) is a frame on \(\mathcal{E}\); (3) construct an action of the Drinfeld double \(D(A\textbf{Ha}_C)\) on the \(A\)-theory \(A(\mathcal{M})\) of the moduli of stable objects. In this paper, the author deals with a particular case of the above program, by restricting attention to the category of torsion sheaves on \(C\). One of the main results of the paper states the existence of an associative product on \(\bigoplus_dA(\underline{\mathcal{H}iggs}_d^0(C))\), which makes it into an algebra \(A\textbf{Ha}_{0,C}\). The author also introduces Higgs triples (which roughly are Higgs sheaves with a frame) on \(C\), inspired by Nakajima quiver varieties, whose \(A\)-theory admits an \(A\textbf{Ha}_C^0\)-action. The author proves that the moduli of stable Higgs triples of degree \(d\) and frame \(\mathcal{F}\) is represented by a smooth quasi-projective variety \(\mathcal{B}(d,\mathcal{F})\), and that for any \(n\), the space \(\bigoplus_d\mathcal{B}(d,\mathbb{K}^n\otimes\mathcal{O})\) is equipped with a structure of an \(A\textbf{Ha}_C^0\)-module. Another relevant result is that moduli \(\mathcal{B}(d,\mathcal{F})\) is isomorphic to the moduli space of \(f\)-semisimple torsion-free sheaves on \(\mathbb{P}_C(\omega\oplus\mathcal{O})\), equipped with framing at infinity and satisfying certain numerical conditions. In particular, \(\mathcal{B}(d,\mathcal{O})\) is isomorphic to the Hilbert scheme of points \(\mathrm{Hilb}_dT^*C\).