Riemann theta function solutions to the coupled long wave-short wave resonance equations (Q2220130)

The paper constructs explicit Riemann theta function solutions to a hierarchy of coupled long wave-short wave resonance equations associated with a \(3\times3\) matrix special problem \[ \psi_x=U\psi, ~~\psi=\begin{pmatrix} \psi_1\\ \psi_2\\ \psi_3 \end{pmatrix},~ U=\begin{pmatrix} 0&1&0\\ \lambda+v&0&u\\ w&0&0 \end{pmatrix} \] where \(u,v,w\) are potentials and \(\lambda\) is a constant spectral parameter. Based on the Lenard recursion and zero curvature equations, a Lax pair for a hierarchy of coupled long wave-short wave resonance equations is derived with the first nontrivial member being the coupled long wave-short wave resonance equations \[\begin{cases} u_{t_1}=-u_{xx}+uv,\\ v_{t_1}=-2(uw)_x,\\ w_{t_1}=w_{xx}-vw. \end{cases}\] On the basis of the characteristic polynomial of the Lax matrix of the hierarchy, a trigonal curve is introduced from which a Riemann theta function and the associated Baker-Akhiezer function are constructed. By comparing the asymptotic expansions for the Baker-Akhiezer function and its Riemann theta function representation, explicit Riemann theta function solutions for the entire hierarchy of coupled long wave-short wave resonance equations are obtained.