Metric discrepancy results for geometric progressions perturbed by irrational rotations (Q2204098)

For every \(\theta\in(-\infty,-1)\cup(1,\infty)\) and for a.e. \(x\), it is known that the sequence \(\{\theta^kx\}\) is uniformly distributed modulo \(1\). The speed of convergence sensitively depends on the algebraic nature of \(\theta\). The following law of iterated logarithm was proved in \textit{K. Fukuyama} [Acta Math. Hung. 118, No. 1--2, 155--170 (2008; Zbl 1241.11090)], \textit{K. Fukuyama} [Monatsh. Math. 171, No. 1, 33--63 (2013; Zbl 1334.11060)]: There are constants \(\Sigma_\theta\) and \(\Sigma_\theta^\ast\) such that \[ \limsup_{N\to\infty}\frac{ND_N\{\theta^k x\}}{\sqrt{2N\log\log N}}=\Sigma_\theta,\ \limsup_{N\to\infty}\frac{ND_N^\ast\{\theta^k x\}}{\sqrt{2N\log\log N}}=\Sigma_\theta^\ast \ \ \text{a.e.} \] Here \(D_N\) denotes the discrepancy \[ D_N\{x_k\}:=\sup_{0\leq a<b\leq 1}\left\vert \frac{1}{N}\sum_{k=1}^N{1}_{[a,b)}(\langle x_k\rangle)-(b-a)\right\vert,\] where \(\langle x\rangle \) is the fractional part of \(x\). To define \(D_N^\ast,\) one sets \(a=0\) in the definition of \(D_N\). \par The main result of the paper is as follows: Given any \(\vert \theta\vert >1\) and \(\gamma\not\in\mathbb{Q}\). If in the limits above one replaces \(\{\theta^k x\}\) with the perturbed sequence \(\{\theta^k x+ k\gamma\}\), then both limits become \(1/2\). Moreover, if \(\theta^r\not\in\mathbb{Q},r\in\mathbb{N}\), then this is true for every \(\gamma\in\mathbb{R}\). This speed of convergence is identical with that of the sequence of uniformly distributed independent random variables.