Metric discrepancy results for geometric progressions with small ratios (Q1669671)

\textit{K. Fukuyama} [Acta Math. Hung. 118, 155--170 (2008 Zbl 1241.11090)] proved that for the discrepancy of geometric progressions \(\{\theta^kx\}\) with \(| \theta| >1\) \[ \varlimsup_{N\to\infty}\frac{ND_N(\{\theta^kx\})}{\sqrt{2N\log\log N}}=\Sigma_{\theta}\quad {\text a.c.}\;x, \] where \(\Sigma_{\theta}\geq 1/2\) is a constant. For \(\theta\) such that \(\theta^k\in \mathbb{Q}\) for some \(k\), let \(r=\min\{k\in \mathbb{N}: \theta^k\in \mathbb{Q}\}\) and \(\theta^r=p/q\) with \({\gcd}(p, q)=1\). \textit{K. Fukuyama} proved also that if \(p/q>0\) then \[ \Sigma_{\theta}^2=\sup_{0\leq a\leq 1} \sigma_{\theta}^2(a)=\sup_{0\leq a\leq 1}\left(V(a,a)+2\sum_{k=1}^{\infty}\frac{V(\langle p^ka\rangle, \langle q^ka\rangle)}{p^kq^k}\right), \] where \(V(x, \xi)=x\wedge\xi-x\xi\), \(\langle x\rangle\) denotes the fractional part of \(x\). In the present paper, the authors give a conjecture that there exist \(k\) and \(n\) such that \(\Sigma_{p/q}=\sigma_{p/q}\left(\frac{n}{p^k-q^k}\right)\) if \(pq\) is even. The authors also give several examples for the conjecture. For example \[ \Sigma_{13/6}=\sigma_{13/6}\left(\frac 3{13-6}\right)=\frac 27\sqrt{\frac{237}{77}}. \]