Codimension one distributions of degree 2 on the three-dimensional projective space (Q1979308)

A codimension one distribution \(\mathcal D\) on \(\mathbb P^n\) is given by a short exact sequence \[ \mathcal D: 0 \to T_{\mathcal D} \to T_{\mathbb P^n} \stackrel{\omega}{\to} {\mathcal I}_Z (d+2) \to 0 \] where the corresponding singular scheme \(Z = \text{Sing} (\mathcal D)\) has codimension at least two and \(\omega\) is given dually by a twisted \(1\)-form \(\omega \in H^0 (\Omega^1_{\mathbb P^n} (d+2))\). The \textit{tangent sheaf} \(T_{\mathcal D} = \text{ker }\omega\) of \(\mathcal D\) is reflexive of rank \(n-1\) and \(d\) is the \textit{degree} of \(\mathcal D\). \textit{O. Calvo-Andrade} et al. developed a classification of codimension one distributions in terms of Chern classes of the tangent sheaf \(T_{\mathcal D}\) [Int. Math. Res. Not. 23, 9011--9074 (2020; Zbl 1460.32040)] and classified the distributions of degrees \(d=0\) or \(d=1\) on \(\mathbb P^n\) and those of degree \(d=2\) on \(\mathbb P^3\) with \(T_{\mathcal D}\) locally free and \(Z\) reduced. Here the authors complete the classification of codimension one distributions of degree \(d=2\) on \(\mathbb P^3\) without restrictions. Their main result describes all such tangent sheaves \(T_{\mathcal D}\) in terms of Chern numbers \(c_2, c_3\) (\(d=2\) is equivalent to \(c_1 =0\)), stability, the spectrum of \(T_{\mathcal D}\), and the purely 1-dimensional part \(\text{Sing}_1 (\mathcal D)\) of \(Z\). The cases where \(c_2 (T_{\mathcal D}) \leq 1\) were handled by \textit{Calvo-Andrade, Corrêa and Jardim} [loc. cit.]. On the other hand, when \(c_2 (T_{\mathcal D}) \geq 2\) the authors determine the invariants of the locally Cohen-Macaulay curve \(\text{Sing}_1 (\mathcal D)\) in terms of the Chern numbers \(c_2 (T_{\mathcal D}), c_3 (T_{\mathcal D})\): the degree of \(\text{Sing}_1 (\mathcal D)\) is at most four, but such Cohen-Macaulay curves were classified by \textit{S. Nollet} [Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. 30, 367--384 (1997; Zbl 0892.14004)] and \textit{S. Nollet} and \textit{E. Schlesinger} [Compos. Math. 139, 169--196 (2003; Zbl 1053.14035)]. The authors use a variety of techniques to construct the corresponding distributions.