Strong instability of standing waves for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in trapped dipolar quantum gases (Q2665532)

This paper is devoted to the study of strong instability of standing waves for the following nonlinear Schrödinger equation \[ i\hbar\partial_{t}u=-\frac{\hbar^{2}}{2m}\Delta u+W\left( x\right) u+U_{0}\left\vert u\right\vert ^{2}u+\left( V_{dip}\ast\left\vert u\right\vert ^{2}\right) u,\text{ }x\in\mathbb{R}^{3},\text{ }t>0, \] where \(\hbar\) is the Planck constant, \(m\) is the mass of a dipolar particle, \(\ast\) denotes the convolution, \(W(x)\) is a partial/complete harmonic potential defined by \[ W\left( x\right) =a^{2}\left( x_{1}^{2}+\dots+x_{d}^{2}\right) , \] \(1\leq d\leq3\) and \(a\) is the trapping frequency, \(U_{0}=4\pi\hbar^{2}a_{s}/m\) denotes the local interaction between dipoles in the condensate with the \(s-\)wave scattering length \(a_{s},\) and \[ V_{dip}\left( x\right) =\frac{\mu_{0}\mu_{dip}^{2}}{4\pi}\frac{1-3\cos ^{2}\theta}{\left\vert x\right\vert ^{3}},\text{ }x\in\mathbb{R}^{3}, \] where \(\mu_{0}\) is the vacuum magnetic permeability, \(\mu_{dip}\) is the permanent magnetic dipole moment and \(\theta\) is the angle between \(x\in\mathbb{R}^{3}\) and the dipole axis \(\mathbf{n}\in\mathbb{R}^{3}.\) In the free case \(W=0,\) the author present a new argument to prove that the ground state standing waves are strongly unstable by blow-up, whereas in the presence of a partial/complete harmonic potential, they prove that the ground state standing wave \(u\left( t,x\right) =e^{i\omega t}Q_{\omega}\left( x\right) \) is strongly unstable by blow-up if \(\left. \partial_{\mu}^{2}S_{\omega }\left( Q_{\omega}^{\mu}\right) \right\vert _{\mu=1}\leq0,\) where \(S_{\omega}\left( Q\right) =E\left( Q\right) +\omega\left\Vert Q\right\Vert _{L^{2}}^{2}\) is the action functional with \(E\left( Q\right) \) denoting the energy, and \(Q_{\omega}^{\mu}=\mu^{\frac{3}{2}}Q_{\omega}\left( \mu x\right) \) is the \(L^{2}\)-invariant scaling.