Equal or proportional division of a surplus, and other methods (Q1095052)

A cooperative venture yields a nonnegative surplus. Agents are differentiated by their opportunity costs only. Two surplus sharing methods (equal sharing, proportional sharing) are characterized with the help of four axioms. Separability and No Advantageous Reallocation deal with coalitional changes in the opportunity costs. Additivity and Path Independence take into account variations in the surplus level. Any triple of these axioms characterizes equal or proportional sharing. Any pair of axioms characterize a distinct, infinite family of methods, compromising between equal and proportional sharing.