Real Paley-Wiener theorems in spaces of ultradifferentiable functions (Q2281174)

For a compactly supported function or distribution \(f\), the classical Paley-Wiener theorems relate the growth of the Fourier transform \(\widehat{f}\) on \({\mathbb C}^d\) with the convex hull of the support of \(f,\) while real Paley-Wiener theorems try to obtain information about the support of \(f\) from the growth of \(\widehat{f}\) on \({\mathbb R}^d\). The authors obtain real Paley-Wiener theorems in the spirit of \textit{Ha Huy Bang} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 108, No. 1, 73--76 (1990; Zbl 0707.26015)], \textit{N. B. Andersen} [Bull. Lond. Math. Soc. 36, No. 4, 504--508 (2004; Zbl 1066.42005)] and \textit{N. B. Andersen} and \textit{M. de Jeu} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 362, No. 7, 3613--3640 (2010; Zbl 1194.42014)] in the Fréchet space \(S_\omega({\mathbb R}^d)\) (and related \(L^p\)-spaces) introduced by \textit{G. Björck} [Ark. Mat. 6, 351--407 (1966; Zbl 0166.36501)] in terms of a weight function \(\omega.\) A description of the basic properties of the weight function \(\omega\) and different systems of seminorms defining the topology of \(S_\omega({\mathbb R}^d)\) are contained in Section 2. The main result of Section 3, Theorem 3.17, is a Paley-Wiener theorem in terms of the Wigner transform, which is a joint time-frequency representation of a function or distribution. As a first step, for \(f,\psi\in S_\omega({\mathbb R}^d),\) the authors discuss the behaviour (in suitable mixed \(L^{p,q}\) spaces) of the short time Fourier transform of \(f\) (with window \(\psi\)) in terms of the support of \(f\) and the window \(\psi.\) An important role in Section 3 is played by the class of functions \(PW^\omega_R({\mathbb R}^d)\) consisting of those \(f\in C^\infty({\mathbb R}^d)\) such that \[\sup_{\alpha\in {\mathbb N}_0^d}\sup_{x\in {\mathbb R}^d} R^{-|\alpha|}e^{\lambda\omega(\frac{x}{|\alpha|+1})}|D^\alpha f(x)| < +\infty\] for every \(\lambda > 0.\) Theorem 3.17 is proved under the assumption that the Fourier transform of \(f\) is supported inside an hypercube of \({\mathbb R}^d.\) In order to characterize the support of \(\widehat{f}\) in terms of the growth of some derivatives of \(f\) in the case that \(\widehat{f}\) is not compactly supported, the authors modify, in Section 4, the definition of \(PW^\omega_R({\mathbb R}^d)\) after replacing the derivatives \(D^\alpha\) by the iterates of a partial differential operator with constant coefficients. Some examples are given.