Holomorphic rank-2 vector bundles on non-Kähler elliptic surfaces. (Q2566838)

The authors study the existence of holomorphic vector bundles on non-Kähler elliptic surfaces. For any smooth compact complex surface \(X\), one is interested in determining the triples \((r,c_1,c_2)\) in \({\mathbb N}\times \text{NS}(X)\times{\mathbb Z}\) for which there exist holomorphic vector bundles of rank \(r\) with Chern classes \(c_1,c_2\). For projective surfaces, it was proved by Schwarzenberger that any triple can arise, but, for non-projective surfaces, there is a natural necessary condition \[ \Delta(r,c_1,c_2):={1\over r}(c_2-{r-1\over2r}c_1^2)\geq0 \] [see \textit{C. Bănică} and \textit{J. Le Potier}, J. Reine Angew. Math. 378, 1--31 (1987; Zbl 0624.32017), \textit{V. Brînzănescu} and \textit{P. Flondor}, J. Reine Angew. Math. 363, 47--58 (1985; Zbl 0567.32009)]. One can always construct filtrable bundles as extensions of coherent sheaves and hence prove that, on a non-algebraic surface \(X\), there is a numerical function \(m(r,c_1)\) such that there exists a filtrable vector bundle \(E\) of type \((r,c_1,c_2)\) if and only if \(\Delta(r,c_1,c_2)\geq m(r,c_1)\). Corresponding results for non-filtrable bundles are more difficult as there is no general method of constructing such bundles. For the case \(r=2\), the problem has been solved for complex \(2\)-tori, \(K3\) surfaces, the known surfaces of class VII and probably for Kähler elliptic surfaces. In this paper, the authors give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of holomorphic vector bundles of rank \(2\) when \(\pi:X\to B\) is a non-Kähler elliptic surface. The condition takes the form \(\Delta(2,c_1,c_2)\geq n_{c_1}\), where \(n_{c_1}\) is a certain non-negative integer. If \(n_{c_1}\leq\Delta(2,c_1,c_2)<m(2,c_1)\), the corresponding vector bundles are necessarily non-filtrable and hence are also stable. The integer \(n_{c_1}\) depends on \(m(2,c_1)\) and the invariant of a ruled surface \(\mathbb{F}\) over \(B\) determined by the class of \(c_1\) in \(\text{NS}(X)/2\text{NS}(X)\). Thus the existence problem for holomorphic rank-\(2\) vector bundles on \(X\) is reduced to computing the invariants of a specific class of ruled surfaces over \(B\).