A note on trace fields of complex hyperbolic groups

Abstract: We show that if

G a m m a

is an irreducible subgroup of

m S U (2, 1)

, then

G a m m a

contains a loxodromic element

A

. If

A

has eigenvalues

l a m b d a_{1} = l a m b d a e^{i v a r p h i},

l a m b d a_{2} = e^{- 2 i v a r p h i}

,

l a m b d a_{3} = l a m b d a^{- 1} e^{i v a r p h i}

, we prove that

G a m m a

is conjugate in

m S U (2, 1)

to a subgroup of

m S U (2, 1, m a t h b b Q (G a m m a, l a m b d a)),

where

m a t h b b Q (G a m m a, l a m b d a)

is the field generated by the trace field

m a t h b b Q (G a m m a)

of

G a m m a

and

l a m b d a

. It follows from this that if

G a m m a

is an irreducible subgroup of

m S U (2, 1)

such that the trace field

m a t h b b Q (G a m m a)

is real, then

G a m m a

is conjugate in

m S U (2, 1)

to a subgroup of

m S O (2, 1)

. As a geometric application of the above, we get that if

G

is an irreducible discrete subgroup of

m P U (2, 1)

, then

G

is an

m a t h b b R

-Fuchsian subgroup of

m P U (2, 1)

if and only if the invariant trace field

k (G)

of

G

is real.

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