Almost all subgeneric third-order Chow decompositions are identifiable

DOI10.1007/S10231-022-01224-8MaRDI QIDQ2088044zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Douglas A. Torrance, Nick Vannieuwenhoven

Publication date 21 October 2022

Published in Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata. Serie Quarta (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.06980

Chow decomposition Chow variety identifiability split variety

Divisors, linear systems, invertible sheaves (14C20) Projective techniques in algebraic geometry (14N05) Computational aspects of higher-dimensional varieties (14Q15) Effectivity, complexity and computational aspects of algebraic geometry (14Q20) Multilinear algebra, tensor calculus (15A69) Vector and tensor algebra, theory of invariants (15A72)

Abstract: For real and complex homogeneous cubic polyomials in

n + 1

variables, we prove that the Chow variety of products of linear forms is generically complex identifiable for all ranks up to the generic rank minus two. By integrating fundamental results of [Oeding, Hyperdeterminants of polynomials, Adv. Math., 2012], [Casarotti and Mella, From non defectivity to identifiability, J. Eur. Math. Soc., 2021], and [Torrance and Vannieuwenhoven, All secant varieties of the Chow variety are nondefective for cubics and quaternary forms, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 2021] the proof is reduced to only those cases in up to

103

variables. These remaining cases are proved using the Hessian criterion for tangential weak defectivity from [Chiantini, Ottaviani, and Vannieuwenhoven, An algorithm for generic and low-rank specific identifiability of complex tensors, SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl., 2014]. We also establish that the smooth loci of the real and complex Chow varieties are immersed minimal submanifolds in their usual ambient spaces.

Review text

Let \(\mathbb{K} \in \{\mathbb{R},\mathbb{C}\}\). A Chow decomposition over \(\mathbb{K}\) expresses a homogeneous polynomial \(p \in S^{d}(\mathbb{K}^{n+1})\) of degree \(d\) in \(n+1\) variables as minimum-length sum of completely decomposable forms, i.e., \[ p(x_{0},\dots,x_{n}) = \sum_{j=1}^{r}\prod_{i=0}^{d-1}L_{i,j} = \sum_{j=1}^{r}\prod_{i=0}^{d-1}(a_{0,i,j}x_{0} + \dots + a_{n,i,j}x_{n}). \] The minimal number \(r\) is called the Chow rank of \(p\) over \(\mathbb{K}\). We have the following two natural problems about complex Chow decomposition: i) What is the minimal value of \(r\) so that almost all polynomials \(p \in S^{d}\mathbb{C}^{n+1}\) admit a Chow decomposition of rank \(r\), and ii) how many distinct complex Chow decompositions does a generic rank \(r\) polynomial \(p\) have? Consider the Zariski closure of the completely decomposable forms in \(n+1\) variables and degree \(d\), namely \[ \mathcal{C}_{d,n} = \overline{\{[L_{0} \cdots L_{d-1}] : L_{i} \text{ is linear}\}} \subset S^{d}\mathbb{P}^{n}_{\mathbb{C}}. \] It is an irreducible non-degenerate singular projective variety, and it is called either the Chow variety of zero-cycles, or the split variety. The \(d\)-forms \([p]\in S^{d}\mathbb{P}^{n}_{\mathbb{C}}\) such that \(p\) admits a rank \(r\) Chow decomposition as above form a Zariski-open subset of the \(r\)-secant variety \(\sigma_{r}(\mathcal{C}_{d,n})\subset S^{d}\mathbb{P}^{n}_{d}\). The main result of the paper under review, revolved around the second question on the above list, can be formulated as follows. Main Theorem. Let \(\mathcal{C}_{3,n} \subset S^{3}\mathbb{P}^{n}_{\mathbb{C}}\) be the degree \(3\) Chow variety of zero-cycles. Then \(\mathcal{C}_{3,n}\) is generically complex \(r\)-identifiable up to the generic rank minus \(2\), i.e., \[ r\leq r_{\mathrm{gen}}-2 = \bigg\lceil \frac{1}{3n+1}\binom{n+3}{3}\bigg\rceil -2. \] In other words, the complex Chow decomposition of a generic real or complex Chow rank \(r\) cubic \(p\) is unique in the sense that the set of completely decomposable forms \(\{\prod_{i=0}^{d-1}L_{i,1}, \dots,\prod_{i=0}^{d-1}L_{i,r}\}\) is uniquely determined by \(p\).

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