Analytic structure of the associated Legendre functions of the second kind

Abstract: We consider the complex

u

plane structure of the associated Legendre function of the second kind

Q_{u}^{- 1 / 2 - K} (c o s h h o)

. We find that for any noninteger value for

K

Q_{u}^{- 1 / 2 - K} (c o s h h o)

has an infinite number of poles in the complex

u

plane, but for any negative integer

K

there are no poles at all. For

K = 0

or any positive integer

K

there is only a finite number of poles, with there only being one single pole (at

u = 0

) when

K = 0

. This pattern is characteristic of the exceptional points that appear in a wide variety of physical contexts. However, unusually for theories with exceptional points,

Q_{u}^{- 1 / 2 - K} (c o s h h o)

has an infinite number of them. Other than in the

P T

-symmetry Jordan-block case, exceptional points usually occur at complex values of parameters. While not being Jordan-block exceptional points themselves, the exceptional points associated with the

Q_{u}^{- 1 / 2 - K} (c o s h h o)

nonetheless occur at real values of

K

.

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