PT Symmetry and necessary and sufficient conditions for the reality of energy eigenvalues
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Publication:2429635
DOI10.1016/J.PHYSLETA.2010.02.032zbMATH Open1236.81095arXiv0902.1365OpenAlexW1968746649MaRDI QIDQ2429635FDOQ2429635
Authors: Carl M. Bender, Philip D. Mannheim 
Publication date: 30 April 2012
Published in: Physics Letters. A (Search for Journal in Brave)
Abstract: Despite its common use in quantum theory, the mathematical requirement of Dirac Hermiticity of a Hamiltonian is sufficient to guarantee the reality of energy eigenvalues but not necessary. By establishing three theorems, this paper gives physical conditions that are both necessary and sufficient. First, it is shown that if the secular equation is real, the Hamiltonian is necessarily PT symmetric. Second, if a linear operator C that obeys the two equations [C,H]=0 and C^2=1 is introduced, then the energy eigenvalues of a PT-symmetric Hamiltonian that is diagonalizable are real only if this C operator commutes with PT. Third, the energy eigenvalues of PT-symmetric Hamiltonians having a nondiagonalizable, Jordan-block form are real. These theorems hold for matrix Hamiltonians of any dimensionality.
Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/0902.1365
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