Anharmonic oscillators in the complex plane, PT-symmetry, and real eigenvalues

DOI10.1007/S11118-010-9208-7MaRDI QIDQ638583zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Kwang C. Shin

Publication date 13 September 2011

Published in Potential Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1008.0905

zbMATH Keywords

eigenvalue asymptoticsinverse spectral theoryPT-symmetry

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Inverse problems involving ordinary differential equations (34A55) Asymptotic distribution of eigenvalues, asymptotic theory of eigenfunctions for ordinary differential operators (34L20) Particular ordinary differential operators (Dirac, one-dimensional Schrödinger, etc.) (34L40) Ordinary differential equations in the complex domain (34M99)

Abstract: For integers $mgeq3$ and $1leqellleqm-1$, we study the eigenvalue problems $-u^{primeprime}(z)+[(-1{)}^{ell}(iz{)}^m-P(iz)]u(z)=lambdau(z)$ with the boundary conditions that $u(z)$ decays to zero as $z$ tends to infinity along the rays $argz=-fracpi2pmfrac(ell+1)pim+2$ in the complex plane, where $P$ is a polynomial of degree at most $m-1$. We provide asymptotic expansions of the eigenvalues $lambd{a}_n$. Then we show that if the eigenvalue problem is $mathcalPT$-symmetric, then the eigenvalues are all real and positive with at most finitely many exceptions. Moreover, we show that when $gcd(m,ell)=1$, the eigenvalue problem has infinitely many real eigenvalues if and only if its translation or itself is $mathcalPT$-symmetric. Also, we will prove some other interesting direct and inverse spectral results.

Review text

For integers \(m\geq 3\) and \(1\leq l\leq m-1\), consider the eigenvalue problem \[ H_lu:=-u+(-1)^l(iz)^m u-P(iz)u=\lambda u \] with the condition that \(u(z)\to 0\) as \(z\to\infty\) along the rays with arg \(z=(-m-2\pm 2(l+1))\pi/2(m+2),\) where \(P\) is a polynomial of degree at most \(m-1\). Denote by \(a\) the vector of coefficients of \(P\). For large \(n\), the eigenvalues \(\lambda_n\) obey the asymptotic development \[ n+\frac{1}{2}-\eta_l(a)=\sum_{j=0}^{m+1} c_{lj}(a)\lambda^{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1-j}{m}}+O(\lambda_n^{-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{m}}). \] Here, the constants \(c_{lj}(a)\) and \(\eta_l(a)\) are determined explicitly. If \(H_l\) is PT-symmetric then only finitely many of the eigenvalues are non-real. If the potential \((-1)^l(iz)^m-P(iz)\) in \(H_l\) is replaced by \(V\) and \(\tilde{V}\), denote the resulting eigenvalues by \(\lambda_n\) and \(\tilde{\lambda}_n\), respectively. If \(\lambda_n-\tilde{\lambda}_n=o(1)\), as \(n\to\infty\), then \(\tilde{V}(z)=V(z-z_0)\) for some \(z_0\in C\) and \(\lambda_n=\tilde{\lambda}_n\) for all but finitely many \(n\).

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Cited in

(8)

• On the reality of the eigenvalues for a class of \(\mathcal{PT}\)-symmetric oscillators
• Entire functions, PT-symmetry and Voros's quantization scheme
• On the eigenproblems of P T-symmetric oscillators
• PT-symmetric eigenvalues for homogeneous potentials
• Eigenvalues of -symmetric oscillators with polynomial potentials
• Complex WKB analysis of a -symmetric eigenvalue problem
• Root system of a perturbation of a selfadjoint operator with discrete spectrum
• Anharmonic oscillators with infinitely many real eigenvalues and \(\mathcal{PT}\)-symmetry

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