Anharmonic oscillators in the complex plane, \(\mathcal{PT}\)-symmetry, and real eigenvalues (Q638583)

For integers \(m\geq 3\) and \(1\leq l\leq m-1\), consider the eigenvalue problem \[ H_lu:=-u''+(-1)^l(iz)^m u-P(iz)u=\lambda u \] with the condition that \(u(z)\to 0\) as \(z\to\infty\) along the rays with arg \(z=(-m-2\pm 2(l+1))\pi/2(m+2),\) where \(P\) is a polynomial of degree at most \(m-1\). Denote by \(a\) the vector of coefficients of \(P\). For large \(n\), the eigenvalues \(\lambda_n\) obey the asymptotic development \[ n+\frac{1}{2}-\eta_l(a)=\sum_{j=0}^{m+1} c_{lj}(a)\lambda^{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1-j}{m}}+O(\lambda_n^{-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{m}}). \] Here, the constants \(c_{lj}(a)\) and \(\eta_l(a)\) are determined explicitly. If \(H_l\) is PT-symmetric then only finitely many of the eigenvalues are non-real. If the potential \((-1)^l(iz)^m-P(iz)\) in \(H_l\) is replaced by \(V\) and \(\tilde{V}\), denote the resulting eigenvalues by \(\lambda_n\) and \(\tilde{\lambda}_n\), respectively. If \(\lambda_n-\tilde{\lambda}_n=o(1)\), as \(n\to\infty\), then \(\tilde{V}(z)=V(z-z_0)\) for some \(z_0\in C\) and \(\lambda_n=\tilde{\lambda}_n\) for all but finitely many \(n\).