Approximate Solutions of Operator Equations

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This book is designed as a self-contained introduction to the theoretical fundamentals underlying the approximate solution of several types of operator equations in abstract Banach spaces. It begins with an introduction to projection operators and projective approximation schemes. Chapter 2 and 3 concern linear operators starting with the compact case in Chapter 2 and including applications to Fredholm integral equations. This is followed in Chapter 3 with an introduction to the approximate solvability of equations involving bounded as well as densely defined linear operators and ending with some applications to the numerical solution of linear boundary value problems. Chapter 4 presents the basic theory of topological degrees including the Brouwer degree, Leray-Schauder degree and the generalized degree for \(A\)-proper operators. Some fixed point theorems are also given and applications to linear integral equations are discussed. Chapter 5 begins with a review of basic analysis in Banach spaces and then turns to the approximate solvability of monotone and \(K\)-monotone operator equations with some applications to boundary value problems. Finally, Chapter 6 develops continuous-time and discrete-time projection approximation methods for first- and second-order abstract evolution equations with initial value problems as examples. Appendices on fundamentals of functional analysis and of Sobolev spaces are provided. The book represents a major expansion and revision of an earlier text in Chinese published by the first two authors in 1992. It is intended as a graduate text as well as a reference. The presentation remains on the theoretical level throughout and does not enter into any computational details of the various applications and approximation schemes.




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