Aspects of the functional renormalisation group
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Abstract: We discuss structural aspects of the functional renormalisation group. Flows for a general class of correlation functions are derived, and it is shown how symmetry relations of the underlying theory are lifted to the regularised theory. A simple equation for the flow of these relations is provided. The setting includes general flows in the presence of composite operators and their relation to standard flows, an important example being NPI quantities. We discuss optimisation and derive a functional optimisation criterion. Applications deal with the interrelation between functional flows and the quantum equations of motion, general Dyson-Schwinger equations. We discuss the combined use of these functional equations as well as outlining the construction of practical renormalisation schemes, also valid in the presence of composite operators. Furthermore, the formalism is used to derive various representations of modified symmetry relations in gauge theories, as well as to discuss gauge-invariant flows. We close with the construction and analysis of truncation schemes in view of practical optimisation.
The renormalization group (RG) was devised within quantum field theory long time ago by Stueckelberg and Peterman, then applied to scaling transformations by Gell-Mann and Low. Its modern functional formulation owes much to the work of Callan and Symanzik in the 1970s. The present article gives an extensive overview of recent developments with regard to the general structure of the functional RG, some of these results are due to previous work of Pawlowski. The author suggests that they might be useful in applications, in particular in gauge theories, since they allow him to directly compute the evolution of observables. More generally, he studies flows of \(N\)-point correlation functions and their one-parameter reductions, the Dyson-Schwinger equation and Slavnov-Taylor identities. One promising application concerns possible renormalization schemes for \(N\)-particle irreducible effective actions generalizing the BPHZ renormalization scheme. The reader will not be surprised to find almost 200 cited articles in the References.
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