Asymptotics of Chebyshev polynomials. V: Residual polynomials

Polynomials and rational functions of one complex variable (30C10) Maximum principle, Schwarz's lemma, Lindelöf principle, analogues and generalizations; subordination (30C80) Best approximation, Chebyshev systems (41A50)

Abstract: We study residual polynomials,

R_{x_{0}, n}^{(m a t h f r a k e)}

,

m a t h f r a k e s u b s e t m a t h b b R

,

x_{0} i n m a t h b b R s e t m i n u s m a t h f r a k e

, which are the degree at most

n

polynomials with

R (x_{0}) = 1

that minimize the

s u p

norm on

m a t h f r a k e

. New are upper bounds on their norms (that are optimal in some cases) and SzegH{o}--Widom asymptotics under fairly general circumstances. We also discuss several illuminating examples and some results in the complex case.

Review text

The residual polyomial \(R_{z_0,n}\) on a compact set \(E\subset\mathbb{C}\) is that unique polynomial which minimizes \({\|P\|}_E\) over all polynomials \(P\) of degree at most \(n\) under the interpolatory constraint \(P(z_0)=1\), where \(z_0\in\subset\mathbb{C}\setminus{E}\) is fixed and \({\|\cdot\|}_E\) denotes the supremum norm on \(E\). These polynomials are closely related to the Chebyshev polynomials on \(E\), where the minimization is over all polynomials with leading coefficient one. In this paper, which is the fifth part of a series of papers dealing with Chebyshev polynomials and their asymptotics, the authors review the questions of existence and uniqueness of \(R_{z_0,n}\) as well as the characterization of \(R_{z_0,n}\) in the real case when \(z_0\in\mathbb{R}\) and \(E\subset\mathbb{R}\) with detailed proofs. In addition, they obtain sharp upper and lower bounds for the minimal norm \({\|R_{z_0,n}\|}_E\) in terms of the Green's function of \(\mathbb{C}\setminus{E}\) (without loss of generality one can assume that \(E\subset\mathbb{C}\) is such that \(\mathbb{C}\setminus{E}\) is connected). Finally, the Szegő-Widom asymptotics, considered in a previous paper of this series for Chebyshev polynomials, is presented. To sum up, the paper provides a perfect overview of the subject matter of residual polyomials including many new results.

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