Averaged null energy condition from causality
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Measures of information, entropy (94A17) Quantum field theory on curved space or space-time backgrounds (81T20) Two-dimensional field theories, conformal field theories, etc. in quantum mechanics (81T40) (2)-body potential quantum scattering theory (81U05) Gravitational energy and conservation laws; groups of motions (83C40)
Abstract: Unitary, Lorentz-invariant quantum field theories in flat spacetime obey microcausality: commutators vanish at spacelike separation. For interacting theories in more than two dimensions, we show that this implies that the averaged null energy, , must be positive. This non-local operator appears in the operator product expansion of local operators in the lightcone limit, and therefore contributes to -point functions. We derive a sum rule that isolates this contribution and is manifestly positive. The argument also applies to certain higher spin operators other than the stress tensor, generating an infinite family of new constraints of the form . These lead to new inequalities for the coupling constants of spinning operators in conformal field theory, which include as special cases (but are generally stronger than) the existing constraints from the lightcone bootstrap, deep inelastic scattering, conformal collider methods, and relative entropy. We also comment on the relation to the recent derivation of the averaged null energy condition from relative entropy, and suggest a more general connection between causality and information-theoretic inequalities in QFT.
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Cited in
(only showing first 100 items - show all)- Cosmology from the vacuum
- Subleading bounds on chaos
- Bounds on Regge growth of flat space scattering from bounds on chaos
- Conformal Regge theory at finite boost
- Averaged null energy and the renormalization group
- Lorentzian CFT 3-point functions in momentum space
- Conformally invariant averaged null energy condition from AdS/CFT
- Recursion relations for 5-point conformal blocks
- Thermal stress tensor correlators, OPE and holography
- Recovering the QNEC from the ANEC
- Traversable wormholes in four dimensions
- Einstein gravity from ANEC correlators
- A species or weak-gravity bound for large N gauge theories coupled to gravity
- Flux correlators and semiclassics
- Higher spin ANEC and the space of CFTs
- Scalar-fermion analytic bootstrap in 4D
- Achronal averaged null energy condition for extremal horizons and (A)dS
- Beyond \(a=c\): gravitational couplings to matter and the stress tensor OPE
- Shockwaves from the operator product expansion
- A bound on massive higher spin particles
- Weyl anomalies of four dimensional conformal boundaries and defects
- Renormalization of gravitational Wilson lines
- Correlators of mixed symmetry operators in defect CFTs
- The averaged null energy conditions in even dimensional curved spacetimes from AdS/CFT duality
- The lightcone bootstrap and the spectrum of the 3d Ising CFT
- Exact Virasoro blocks from Wilson lines and background-independent operators
- Analyticity in spin in conformal theories
- Thermal stress tensor correlators near lightcone and holography
- A modular toolkit for bulk reconstruction
- The averaged null energy condition and the black hole interior in string theory
- Bounds for OPE coefficients on the Regge trajectory
- Einstein gravity 3-point functions from conformal field theory
- The smeared null energy condition
- Localized thermal states and negative energy
- Thermalization, viscosity and the averaged null energy condition
- AVERAGING EINSTEIN'S EQUATIONS: THE LINEARIZED CASE
- Bounds on OPE coefficients from interference effects in the conformal collider
- Constraints on parity violating conformal field theories in \(d=3\)
- Time evolution after double trace deformation
- The light-ray OPE and conformal colliders
- Dispersive CFT sum rules
- A note on commutation relation in conformal field theory
- The double smeared null energy condition
- Three-point energy correlators and the celestial block expansion
- Celestial conformal colliders
- A general proof of the quantum null energy condition
- Graviton scattering and a sum rule for the c anomaly in 4D CFT
- Positive energy conditions in 4D conformal field theory
- A spacetime derivation of the Lorentzian OPE inversion formula
- ANEC in \(\lambda \varphi^4\) theory
- Modular energy inequalities from relative entropy
- Conformal two-point correlation functions from the operator product expansion
- \(\mathcal{N} = (1, 0)\) anomaly multiplet relations in six dimensions
- Non-minimal coupling, negative null energy, and effective field theory
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- Two point functions in defect CFTs
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- The gravity dual of Lorentzian OPE blocks
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- Light-ray operators in conformal field theory
- Hidden relations of central charges and OPEs in holographic CFT
- Conformal four-point correlation functions from the operator product expansion
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- New methods for conformal correlation functions
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- A new spin on causality constraints
- Bulk phase shift, CFT Regge limit and Einstein gravity
- Gravitational algebras and the generalized second law
- Holographic energy correlators for confining theories
- Conformal bootstrap in the Regge limit
- Modular Hamiltonians on the null plane and the Markov property of the vacuum state
- Weight shifting operators and conformal blocks
- Four coupled SYK models and nearly \(\mathrm{AdS}_2\) gravities: phase transitions in traversable wormholes and in bra-ket wormholes
- Constraining quantum fields using modular theory
- Upper and lower bounds on the integrated null energy in gravity
- A sum rule for boundary contributions to the trace anomaly
- Real-space RG, error correction and Petz map
- Swampland conditions for higher derivative couplings from CFT
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