Towards the F-theorem: N = 2 field theories on the three-sphere
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Publication:466632
Toric varieties, Newton polyhedra, Okounkov bodies (14M25) Special Riemannian manifolds (Einstein, Sasakian, etc.) (53C25) Eta-invariants, Chern-Simons invariants (58J28) Renormalization group methods applied to problems in quantum field theory (81T17) Quantum field theory on curved space or space-time backgrounds (81T20) String and superstring theories; other extended objects (e.g., branes) in quantum field theory (81T30) Two-dimensional field theories, conformal field theories, etc. in quantum mechanics (81T40) Supersymmetric field theories in quantum mechanics (81T60) Statistical thermodynamics (82B30) Path integrals in quantum mechanics (81S40)
Abstract: For 3-dimensional field theories with {cal N}=2 supersymmetry the Euclidean path integrals on the three-sphere can be calculated using the method of localization; they reduce to certain matrix integrals that depend on the R-charges of the matter fields. We solve a number of such large N matrix models and calculate the free energy F as a function of the trial R-charges consistent with the marginality of the superpotential. In all our {cal N}=2 superconformal examples, the local maximization of F yields answers that scale as N^{3/2} and agree with the dual M-theory backgrounds AdS_4 x Y, where Y are 7-dimensional Sasaki-Einstein spaces. We also find in toric examples that local F-maximization is equivalent to the minimization of the volume of Y over the space of Sasakian metrics, a procedure also referred to as Z-minimization. Moreover, we find that the functions F and Z are related for any trial R-charges. In the models we study F is positive and decreases along RG flows. We therefore propose the "F-theorem" that we hope applies to all 3-d field theories: the finite part of the free energy on the three-sphere decreases along RG trajectories and is stationary at RG fixed points. We also show that in an infinite class of Chern-Simons-matter gauge theories where the Chern-Simons levels do not sum to zero, the free energy grows as N^{5/3} at large N. This non-trivial scaling matches that of the free energy of the gravity duals in type IIA string theory with Romans mass.
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