Bayesian reinforcement learning: a survey

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Abstract: Bayesian methods for machine learning have been widely investigated, yielding principled methods for incorporating prior information into inference algorithms. In this survey, we provide an in-depth review of the role of Bayesian methods for the reinforcement learning (RL) paradigm. The major incentives for incorporating Bayesian reasoning in RL are: 1) it provides an elegant approach to action-selection (exploration/exploitation) as a function of the uncertainty in learning; and 2) it provides a machinery to incorporate prior knowledge into the algorithms. We first discuss models and methods for Bayesian inference in the simple single-step Bandit model. We then review the extensive recent literature on Bayesian methods for model-based RL, where prior information can be expressed on the parameters of the Markov model. We also present Bayesian methods for model-free RL, where priors are expressed over the value function or policy class. The objective of the paper is to provide a comprehensive survey on Bayesian RL algorithms and their theoretical and empirical properties.


Both Bayesian and reinforcement learning methods are well known and in common use in machine learning. The text presents an updated survey on how to use the Bayesian paradigm in reinforcement learning. Both model-based and model-free Bayesian reinforcement learning paradigms are presented, along with risk-aware Bayesian reinforcement learning. The text is addressed to students and researchers interested in Bayesian reinforcement learning.




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