Reward Maximization Through Discrete Active Inference

DOI10.1162/NECO_A_01574zbMATH Open1520.91292arXiv2009.08111OpenAlexW4328052356WikidataQ123008069 ScholiaQ123008069MaRDI QIDQ6136191FDOQ6136191

Noor Sajid, R. N. Smith, Thomas Parr, Karl J. Friston, Lancelot Da Costa

Publication date: 28 August 2023

Published in: Neural Computation (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Active inference is a probabilistic framework for modelling the behaviour of biological and artificial agents, which derives from the principle of minimising free energy. In recent years, this framework has successfully been applied to a variety of situations where the goal was to maximise reward, offering comparable and sometimes superior performance to alternative approaches. In this paper, we clarify the connection between reward maximisation and active inference by demonstrating how and when active inference agents perform actions that are optimal for maximising reward. Precisely, we show the conditions under which active inference produces the optimal solution to the Bellman equation--a formulation that underlies several approaches to model-based reinforcement learning and control. On partially observed Markov decision processes, the standard active inference scheme can produce Bellman optimal actions for planning horizons of 1, but not beyond. In contrast, a recently developed recursive active inference scheme (sophisticated inference) can produce Bellman optimal actions on any finite temporal horizon. We append the analysis with a discussion of the broader relationship between active inference and reinforcement learning.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.08111

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Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Cognitive psychology (91E10) Markov and semi-Markov decision processes (90C40) Memory and learning in psychology (91E40)

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Cited In (2)

• Active inference and agency: optimal control without cost functions
• The free energy principle made simpler but not too simple

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