Bendlets: a second-order shearlet transform with bent elements

DOI10.1016/J.ACHA.2017.06.002MaRDI QIDQ1713642zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 25 January 2019

Published in Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1607.05520

bendlets classification of singularities compactly supported generator curvature shearlets

General harmonic expansions, frames (42C15) Nontrigonometric harmonic analysis involving wavelets and other special systems (42C40)

Abstract: We introduce bendlets, a shearlet-like system that is based on anisotropic scaling, translation, shearing, and bending of a compactly supported generator. With shearing being linear and bending quadratic in spatial coordinates, bendlets provide what we term a second-order shearlet system. As we show in this article, the decay rates of the associated transform enable the precise characterization of location, orientation and curvature of discontinuities in piecewise constant images. These results yield an improvement over existing directional representation systems where curvature only controls the constant of the decay rate of the transform. We also detail the construction of shearlet systems of arbitrary order. A practical implementation of bendlets is provided as an extension of the ShearLab toolbox, which we use to verify our theoretical classification results.

Review text

Extending the idea of shearlets, this paper further studies the ``bending operations and defines a new shearlet-like system, called \textit{bendlets}. Such systems can then be used to classify functions with 2D discontinuity up to its curvature in the asymptotic sense. \par Consider an $\alpha$-scaling operator $A_{a,\alpha}$, extending the shearing operator $S_(s,b)$ (second order) as follows: \[ A_{a,\alpha}:=\begin{pmatrix}a & 0\\0 & a^\alpha\end{pmatrix}, S_{(s,b)}\begin{pmatrix}x_1\\x_2\end{pmatrix}:=\begin{pmatrix}1 & s\\0 & 1\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}x_1\\x_2\end{pmatrix}+\begin{pmatrix}1 & bx_2\\0 & 1\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}x_1\\x_2\end{pmatrix}, \] where the parameter $s$ is with respect to the classical shearing parameter while $b$ corresponds to the bending parameter. A \textit{bendlet} system can be defined as \[ BS_{\psi}^\alpha:=\{\psi_{a,s,b,t} | (a,b,s,t)\in \mathbb{R}^+\times \mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R}^2\}, \] where $\psi\in L_2(\mathbb{R}^2)$ and \[ \psi_{a,b,s,t}:=a^{-(1+\alpha)/2}\psi(A_{a,\alpha}^{-1}S_{(-s,-b)}(\cdot-t)). \] Then \textit{bendlet transform} associated with the bendlet system $BS_\psi^\alpha$ for a function $f\in L_2(\mathbb{R}^2)$ is given by \[ [\mathcal{BS}_\psi^\alpha (f)](a,s,b,t):=\langle f, \psi_{a,s,b,t} \rangle. \] To avoid extreme shearing and bending that results in numerical infeasibility, employing the cone-adaptive approach similar to the cone-adaptive shearlets, the paper defines the \textit{cone-adaptive bendlet system} by splitting $\mathbb{R}^2$ into horizontal and vertical cones: \[ BS_{\psi}^\alpha:=\{\psi_{a,s,b,t,\iota} | a\in (0,1), s\in[-1,1], b\in \mathbb{R}, t\in \mathbb{R}^2, \iota\in\{-1,1\}\}, \] where $\iota\in\{-1,1\}$ indicates the horizontal or vertical cone, respectively. \par Consider $\psi = \psi^1\otimes\phi^1$ with $\psi^1$ a 1D compactly supported wavelet having $M$-th order vanishing moments and $\phi^1\in C^L(\mathbb{R})$ for some $L>M$. The paper then presents the main results regarding the characterizations of the singularities of a simple function $\chi_D\in L_2(\mathbb{R}^2)$ with $D\subset\mathbb{R}^2$ and $\partial D\in C^\infty(\mathbb{R}^2)$, using the cone-adaptive bendlet systems $BS_\psi^\alpha$. The paper shows that: \par (a) If $p\notin\partial D$, then the coefficient $|\langle \chi_D, \psi_{a,s,b,p,\iota}\rangle| \lesssim a^N$ for all $a\in(0,1), s\in[-1,1], b\in\mathbb{R}, \iota\in\{-1,1\}$, and $N\in\mathbb{N}$. \par (b) If $p\in\partial D$ but $\psi_{a,s,b,p,\iota}$ is not aligned with respect to the normal of $\partial D$ at $p$, then $|\langle \chi_D, \psi_{a,s,b,p,\iota}\rangle| \lesssim a^{(1-\alpha)(M+1)+\frac{1+\alpha}{2}}$. \par (c) If $p\in\partial D$, $\psi_{a,s,b,p,\iota}$ is aligned with respect to the normal of $\partial D$ at $p$ but not to the curvature $b$ of $\partial D$ at $p$, then $|\langle \chi_D, \psi_{a,s,b,p,\iota}\rangle| \lesssim a^{\frac{2-\alpha}{2}}$. \par (d) If $p\in\partial D$ and $\psi_{a,s,b,p,\iota}$ are not aligned with respect to the normal and the curvature of $\partial D$ at $p$, then $|\langle \chi_D, \psi_{a,s,b,p,\iota}\rangle| \lesssim a^{\frac{1+\alpha}{2}}$. \par The last part of the paper is numerical implementation, demonstration, and further discussion.

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