Bounded and unbounded polynomials and multilinear forms: Characterizing continuity

DOI10.1016/J.LAA.2011.06.050MaRDI QIDQ648941zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors G. A. Muñoz-Fernández, J. B. Seoane-Sepúlveda, José Luis Gámez-Merino, Daniel Pellegrino

Publication date 29 November 2011

Published in Linear Algebra and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1105.1737

zbMATH Keywords

continuous polynomiallineabilitynon-continuous polynomial

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Topological linear spaces of continuous, differentiable or analytic functions (46E10) (Spaces of) multilinear mappings, polynomials (46G25)

Abstract: In this paper we prove a characterization of continuity for polynomials on a normed space. Namely, we prove that a polynomial is continuous if and only if it maps compact sets into compact sets. We also provide a partial answer to the question as to whether a polynomial is continuous if and only if it transforms connected sets into connected sets. These results motivate the natural question as to how many non-continuous polynomials there are on an infinite dimensional normed space. A problem on the emph{lineability} of the sets of non-continuous polynomials and multilinear mappings on infinite dimensional normed spaces is answered.

Review text

This nice short paper has a twofold purpose: on one hand to characterize continuity of (not necessarily homogeneous) polynomials defined on normed spaces in terms of compact sets and of connected sets; on the other hand, to prove the lineability of the sets of non-continuous polynomials and multilinear forms on infinite dimensional normed spaces. It is well known that every \(n\)-homogeneous polynomial defined between normed spaces which is bounded on compact sets is continuous. When working with the complex field, one gets the analogue for non-homogeneous polynomials as a consequence of Cauchy's inequalities. However, the real case needs a different approach. The first result of the paper provides the desired characterization of continuity for (not necessarily homogeneous) polynomials in terms of compactness in the real case: a polynomial defined on a normed space is continuous if and only if it maps compact sets into compact sets. If instead of compact sets one considers connected sets then the following partial result is given: a linear form or a \(2\)-homogeneous polynomial defined on a real Banach space is continuous if and only if it maps connected sets into connected sets. The concept of lineability was introduced by V. I. Gurariy in 1988. A set \(M\) of functions satisfying some pathological property is said to be \(\mu\)-lineable if \(M\cup \{0\}\) contains an infinite dimensional vector space of dimension \(\mu\). The following result is shown: if \(n\) is a natural number and \(E\) is a normed space of infinite dimension \(\lambda\) then the sets of non-bounded \(n\)-linear forms, non-bounded symmetric \(n\)-linear forms, non-bounded \(n\)-homogeneous polynomials and non-bounded polynomials of degree at most \(n\) on \(E\) are \(2^\lambda\)-lineable.

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Cites work

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Cited in

(14)

• On automatic continuity and three problems of ``The Scottish Book concerning the boundedness of polynomial functionals
• Connected polynomials and continuity
• Similarities and differences between real and complex Banach spaces: an overview and recent developments
• On the size of the set of unbounded multilinear operators between Banach spaces
• On the boundedness and unboundedness of polynomials
• Existence of polynomials on subspaces without extension
• Algebrability, non-linear properties, and special functions
• The continuity properties of compact-preserving functions
• Non-Lipschitz functions with bounded gradient and related problems
• Differentiability versus continuity: restriction and extension theorems and monstrous examples
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 4000715 (Why is no real title available?)
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3893788 (Why is no real title available?)
• Spaceability of sets of non-injective maps
• On \(\mathfrak{c}\)-lineability

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