Boundedness for commutator of rough hypersingular integrals with variable kernels

A hypersingular integral operator with variable kernel is an operator with kernel \(\Omega\), \[ T_{\gamma} f(x) = p. v. \int_{\mathbb{R}^n} \frac{\Omega(x, x - y)}{|x - y|^{n + \gamma}} f(y) \, dy \] where \(\Omega \in L^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n) \times L^q(S^{n - 1}), q \geq 1\), if \(\Omega\) is homogeneous of degree zero in the second variable, i.e., for any \(x, z \in \mathbb{R}^n, \Omega(x, \lambda z) = \Omega(x, z)\) and \[ \| \Omega \| = \sup_{x \in \mathbb{R}^n} \left| \int_{S^{n - 1}} | \Omega(x, z^{\prime}) |^q d \sigma(z^{\prime}) \right|^{1/q} < \infty, \] where \(z^{\prime} = z/ \| z\|, \sigma \) is the area element on the unit sphere \(S^{n - 1}\). The minimal assumptions are \(\gamma \geq 0, \Omega \in L^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n) \times L^1(S^{n - 1})\). The authos also assume \[ \int \Omega(x, z^{\prime}) Y_m(z^{\prime}) d \sigma(z^{\prime}) = 0, \] for all spherical harmonic polynomials of degree less than or equal to \(|\gamma|\). Calderon-Zygmund proved that if \(\gamma = 0\), \(q > 2(n - 1)/n\), then \(T_0\) maps \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)\) into \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)\). In earlier work with Y. Ying, the authors extended this to \(T_{\gamma}\) by showing that if \(q > \max(1, 2(n - 1)/(n + 2 \gamma))\), then \(T_{\gamma}\) maps a homogeneous Sobolev space (\(\dot L^2_{\gamma}\), for the definition of which, see the paper) into \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)\). For applications to partial differential equations, one sometimes needs the commutator, defined for \(b \in BMO\) by \([b, T] f(x) = b(x) Tf(x) - T(bf)(x)\). The authors showed that if \(\gamma = 0, b \in BMO, q > 2(n - 1)/n\), this commutator maps \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)\) into \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)\) with the obvious bound. In this paper, they consider what happens when \(T_0\) is replaced by \(T_{\gamma}\) in the commutator result and prove that if \(q > \max(1, 2(n - 1)/(n + 2 \gamma)), b \in\) a homogeneous Sobolev space contained in \(BMO\), then the commutator also maps \(\dot L^2_{\gamma}\) into \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)\) with the obvious bound. The proof uses paraproducts and properties of the homogeneous Triebel-Lizorkin spaces.

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