Codimension one structurally stable chain classes

Notions of recurrence and recurrent behavior in topological dynamical systems (37B20) Generic properties, structural stability of dynamical systems (37C20) Dynamical systems with hyperbolic orbits and sets (37D05) Uniformly hyperbolic systems (expanding, Anosov, Axiom A, etc.) (37D20) Partially hyperbolic systems and dominated splittings (37D30)

Abstract: The well known stability conjecture of Palis and Smale states that if a diffeomorphism is structurally stable then the chain recurrent set is hyperbolic. It is natural to ask if this type of results is true for an individual chain class, that is, whether or not every structurally stable chain class is hyperbolic. Regarding the notion of structural stability, there is a subtle difference between the case of a whole system and the case of an individual chain class. The later case is more delicate and contains additional difficulties. In this paper we prove a result of this type for the later case, with an additional assumption of codimension 1. Precisely, let

f

be a diffeomorphism of a closed manifold

M

and

p

be a hyperbolic periodic point of

f

of index 1 or

d i m M - 1

. We prove if the chain class of

p

is structurally stable then it is hyperbolic. Since the chain class of

p

is not assumed in advance to be locally maximal, and since the counterpart of it for the perturbation

g

is defined not canonically but indirectly through the continuation

p_{g}

of

p

, the proof is quite delicate.

Review text

The authors provide an interesting result regarding chain classes. More precisely, they generalize a theorem proved by Palis and Smale, that states that each diffeomorphism in a finite dimensional compact manifold has only hyperbolic critical elements. Such results were also explored in [\textit{J. K. Hale} et al., An introduction to infinite dimensional dynamical systems -- geometric theory. With an appendix by Krzysztof P. Rybakowski. New York etc.: Springer-Verlag (1984; Zbl 0533.58001)] in their book of infinite dimensional dynamical systems.NEWLINENEWLINENow, the authors work with \textit{chain classes}, which are equivalence classes of \(CR(f)\) -- the set of chain recurrent points of a diffeomorphism \(f\) -- under the relation of existence of pseudo-orbits of any small size. Each chain class is compact and invariant under \(f\), and cannot be decomposed in smaller compact invariant sets, so these classes represent the smallest invariant sets of \(f\) in \(CR(f)\). To study each one individually is an important and hard task to achieve.NEWLINENEWLINEHere, they prove the analogous result for codimension 1, that is, if \(f\) is a diffeomorphism of index \(1\) or \(\text{dim}\,M-1\), in a finite dimensional compact manifold \(M\) with a hyperbolic periodic point \(p\) such that its chain class is structurally stable, then it is also hyperbolic.NEWLINENEWLINEWe note that this study is absolutely non-trivial and the proofs do not follow as simple generalizations, since there is no assumption regarding the maximality of the chain classes.

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