Comparability of modules over regular rings
comparabilitydirect sum cancellationfinitely generated projective modulesstable range oneunit-regular ringsvon Neumann regular rings
Free, projective, and flat modules and ideals in associative algebras (16D40) Structure and classification for modules, bimodules and ideals (except as in 16Gxx), direct sum decomposition and cancellation in associative algebras) (16D70) von Neumann regular rings and generalizations (associative algebraic aspects) (16E50) Stable range conditions (19B10)
Let \(R\) be a von Neumann regular ring. It is well known that \(R\) is unit-regular if and only if the stable rank of \(R\) is \(1\), if and only if finitely generated projective \(R\)-modules cancel from direct sums: \(A\oplus B\cong A\oplus C\) implies \(B\cong C\). Here the author studies the weaker condition that \(A\oplus B\cong A\oplus C\) implies either \(B\) embeds in \(C\) or \(C\) embeds in \(B\). The main theorem of the paper states that the above condition holds for the finitely generated projective \(R\)-modules if and only if \(R\) is one-sided unit-regular in the sense of \textit{G. Ehrlich} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 216, 81-90 (1976; Zbl 0315.16008)]. This theorem has also been proved by \textit{T. Wu} [in Acta Math. Sin. 38, No. 6, 746-751 (1995; Zbl 0844.16006)]. Further, \(R\) is one-sided unit-regular exactly when it satisfies a one-sided version of the stable rank \(1\) condition: whenever \(a,x,b\in R\) with \(ax+b=1\), there exists \(y\in R\) such that \(a+by\) is one-sided invertible. Other conditions equivalent to one-sided unit-regularity can be found in a paper of the author [Commun. Algebra 25, No. 8, 2517-2529 (1997; Zbl 0881.16004)], and in a paper of \textit{T. Wu} [J. Nanjing Univ., Math. Biq. 11, No. 2, 109-116 (1994; Zbl 0836.16004)]. See also the survey article by \textit{T. Wu} and \textit{W. Tong} [in Rings and Radicals, Proc. Int. Conf. Shijiazhuang, China 1994, Pitman Res. Notes Math. Ser. 346, 98-104 (1996; Zbl 0859.16005)].
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