Constant sign and nodal solutions for variable exponent double phase problem

Existence problems for PDEs: global existence, local existence, non-existence (35A01) Variational methods for second-order elliptic equations (35J20) Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic equations (35J25) Quasilinear elliptic equations with (p)-Laplacian (35J92)

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Let \(\Omega \subseteq \mathbb{R}^N\) (\(N \geq 2\)) be a bounded domain with Lipschitz boundary \(\partial \Omega\). The authors study the following nonlinear problem \N\[\N- \Delta^a_p u - \Delta_q u = f(z,u) \mbox{ in }\Omega, \quad u\big|_{\partial \Omega}=0,\N\]\Nin the case of variable exponents \(p,q \in C(\overline{\Omega})\) with \(1< q(x)<N\), \(q(x) <p(x)<q^\ast(x)\) for all \(x \in \overline{\Omega}\) where \(q^\ast\) is the Sobolev critical exponent to \(q\). In this problem \(\Delta^a_p\) denotes the weighted \(p\)-Laplace differential operator defined by \N\[\N\Delta^a_p u =\operatorname{div}(a(x)|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u) \quad \mbox{for all } u \in W^{1,p}(\Omega),\N\]\Nwhere \(a: \overline{\Omega} \to \mathbb{R}_+\) is a Lipschitz continuous function. On the right-hand side, the authors consider a measurable function \(f:\Omega \times \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}\) such that for a.a. \(x \in \Omega\), \(f(x,0)=0\) and \(f(x,\cdot)\) is locally Lipschitz.\N\NImposing additional hypotheses on the reaction and the exponents, the authors establish the existence of at least three solutions in Theorem 1.3. In detail, using the Mountain Pass theorem, they obtain two constant-sign solutions, one positive and one negative. Furthermore, a sign changing solution (i.e., nodal solution), is concluded using the Nehari manifold method. Finally, the authors show that such nodal solution admits exactly two nodal domains.

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